Penggunaan Teknologi Digital dalam Kalangan Penternak Patin di Pahang, Malaysia
Abstract
Transformasi digital semakin mempengaruhi sektor akuakultur melalui penggunaan teknologi digital seperti aplikasi mudah alih, media sosial, platform komunikasi dan kewangan digital yang membantu penternak patin mengurus operasi dengan lebih berkesan. Penggunaan teknologi digital semakin berkembang, namun pola penggunaannya mengikut fasa ternakan masih kurang dihuraikan secara mendalam. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penggunaan teknologi digital dalam kalangan penternak patin berdasarkan tiga fasa utama, iaitu pra-ternakan, semasa ternakan dan pasca-ternakan. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan kuantitatif yang melibatkan 301 orang penternak patin yang dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan rawak. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan soal selidik berstruktur dan dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan SPSS, melibatkan kekerapan, peratusan, min dan sisihan piawai. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap penggunaan teknologi digital bagi fasa pra-ternakan berada pada tahap sederhana, iaitu seramai 134 orang responden (44.5%). Bagi fasa semasa ternakan dan pasca-ternakan pula, majoriti responden berada pada tahap rendah, masing-masing seramai 137 orang responden (45.5%). Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan skor min, fasa pasca-ternakan mencatatkan penggunaan tertinggi (min=3.31), khususnya dalam aspek hubungan dengan pembeli, pemasaran digital dan kewangan. Fasa pra-ternakan pula mencatatkan min 3.25, dengan penggunaan yang lebih tertumpu kepada pencarian benih berkualiti dan maklumat persediaan ternakan. Sebaliknya, fasa semasa ternakan mencatatkan penggunaan paling rendah dengan min 2.86. Dapatan ini memperlihatkan bahawa penternak patin lebih cenderung menggunakan teknologi digital bagi fungsi yang memberikan manfaat praktikal dan ekonomi secara langsung. Implikasi kajian ini mencadangkan agar strategi penggunaan teknologi digital akuakultur dilaksanakan secara berfasa serta disokong oleh aplikasi mesra pengguna, latihan praktikal dan intervensi yang selaras dengan realiti operasi penternak kecil.
Abstract: Digital transformation is increasingly influencing aquaculture through mobile applications, social media, communication platforms and digital financial services. However, patterns of use across farming phases remain insufficiently explained. This study identifies the level of digital technology use among patin farmers in Pahang across three phases: pre-farming, during farming and post-farming. The quantitative survey involved 301 farmers randomly selected from a sampling frame of registered patin farmers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Based on mean scores, all three phases were at a moderate level, with post-farming recording the highest mean (mean = 3.31), followed by pre-farming (mean = 3.25) and during farming (mean = 2.86). At item level, the highest uses involved maintaining relationships with buyers or wholesalers (mean = 3.87) and locating quality fingerling suppliers (mean = 3.92), while the lowest involved accessing information on safe harvesting (mean = 2.43). Although the overall means were moderate, respondent-level classification showed that the low category formed the largest group during and after farming. The findings indicate that digital use is selective and concentrated on functions offering immediate economic or operational value. Aquaculture digitalisation should therefore be implemented in stages through user-friendly applications, practical training and stronger digital advisory channels suited to the routines of small-scale farmers.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2026.2303.18
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