Penelitian terhadap hubungan etnik merupakan satu topik yang penting terutama sekali dalam sebuah masyarakat pelbagai kaum. Masyarakat pelbagai kaum terdedah kepada konflik akibat perbezaan daripada pelbagai aspek seperti agama, kepercayaan dan budaya. Sejesteru itu, penulisan ini membincangkan tentang toleransi etnik dengan fokus kepada peranan perayaan sebagai medium memupuk toleransi. Perbincangan dikembangkan melalui aplikasi Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang oleh Ajzen (1991). Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang dipilih kerana ianya digunakan secara meluas dalam memahami tingkah laku sosial manusia. Dalam penulisan ini, teori digunakan untuk memahami perkaitan perayaan dengan toleransi etnik. Penulis menganalisis bahan yang terdiri daripada jurnal, prosiding seminar, bab dalam buku, tesis, buku serta laporan organisasi untuk melihat perkaitan antara perayaan dengan toleransi etnik. Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang menunjukkan bahawa perayaan boleh mempengaruhi sikap, norma subjektif dan persepsi tentang cara seseorang menangani toleransi etnik. Adalah disyorkan bahawa teori ini digunakan oleh kajian masa depan untuk mengembangkan lagi asas pengetahuan dalam penelitian mengenai toleransi etnik. Hasil sorotan kajian ini memberikan idea bukan sahaja kepada pengkaji toleransi etnik, malah kepada pihak berkepentingan untuk memupuk integrasi masyarakat melalui perayaan pelbagai etnik seperti di Sabah.

Kata kunci: Toleransi, Hubungan Harmoni, Etnik, Perayaan, Orang asal, Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang

Abstract

Research on ethnic relations is an important topic, especially in a multi-racial society. Multi-racial societies are prone to conflict due to differences in various aspects such as religion, belief and culture. Furthermore, this paper discusses ethnic tolerance with a focus on the role of celebration as a medium of fostering tolerance. The discussion is developed through the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior was chosen because it is widely used in understanding human social behavior. In this writing, the theory is used to understand the association of celebration with ethnic tolerance. The authors analyzed material consisting of journals, seminar proceedings, chapters in books, thesis, books as well as organizational reports to identify the relationship between celebrations and ethnic tolerance. The theory of Planned Behavior suggests that celebrations can influence attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of how a person deals with ethnic tolerance. It is recommended that this theory be used by future studies to further develop the knowledge base in research on ethnic tolerance. The highlights of this study provide ideas not only to researchers of ethnic tolerance but also to stakeholders to foster community integration through ethnic festivals such as in Sabah.

Keywords: Tolerance, Harmonious Relation, Ethnic, Festival, Indigenous, Theory of Planned Behavior

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