Makkah dan Benua Ruhum dalam Pemikiran Orang Melayu
Abstract
Sejak sekian lama, Makkah dan Benua Ruhum merupakan dua buah wilayah yang cukup dekat di hati orang Melayu. Perkara tersebut jelas terungkap melalui ekspresi penghormatan dan kekaguman terhadap kedua-dua wilayah tersebut melalui pelbagai bentuk pengkisahan dan penceritaan, sekali gus mempamerkan keistimewaan kedua-duanya di sisi orang Melayu. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis keistimewaan kedudukan kedua-dua wilayah terbabit dalam pemikiran orang Melayu sejak sekian lama. Diskusi artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dan analitikal dengan merujuk kepada buku, artikel jurnal dan tesis. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Makkah dan Benua Ruhum merupakan dua buah pusat terpenting bagi dunia Islam suatu masa dahulu. Gelaran sultan yang disandang oleh pemerintah di Nusantara sering diperkukuh dengan mendapatkan pengiktiran daripada penguasa kedua-dua wilayah terbabit. Selain menjadi destinasi utama orang Melayu bagi melengkapkan rukun Islam kelima, Makkah merupakan pilihan orang Melayu bagi mendalami ilmu keagamaan. Orang Melayu turut memandang tinggi Benua Ruhum sebagai sebuah kuasa politik Islam terkuat yang merujuk kepada Daulah Turki Uthmaniyyah dan perkara tersebut terpamer melalui akhbar-akhbar dan hasil kesusasteraan Melayu.
Kata kunci: Makkah; Benua Ruhum; Nusantara; Daulah Uthmaniyyah; akhbar Melayu
Abstract: The Malays have always been fond of Makkah and Benua Ruhum. This is evident in their expression of regard and admiration for both regions through various narratives and stories, demonstrating how special they are for Malays. Thus, this article aims to analyse the Malays’ special perception of these two regions. The discussion in the article employs the qualitative descriptive and analytical approach by referring to books, journal articles, and theses. The findings of the study show that Makkah and Benua Ruhum were the centres of the Islamic world in the past. The Sultan title held by rulers in the Malay Archipelago was affirmed through recognition by authorities from Makkah and Benua Ruhum. Apart from being the destination for Muslims to perform the fifth pillar of Islam, Makkah has always been favoured by Malays to pursue religious studies. The Malays also regarded Benua Ruhum, famously known as the great Ottoman Empire, as the strongest Islamic political power, as evident in Malay newspaper publications and literary writing.
Keywords: Makkah; Benua Ruhum; Malay Archipelago; Ottoman Empire; Malay newspapers
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2003.34
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