Dalam era digital masa kini, perjudian dalam talian menjadi isu sosial yang semakin membimbangkan apabila corak berjudi masyarakat beralih daripada bentuk tradisional kepada platform digital yang lebih mudah diakses dan bersifat peribadi. Fenomena ini mencerminkan tekanan ekonomi, pengaruh teknologi dan faktor psikologi yang saling berkait, namun kajian mendalam mengenai faktor sebenar yang mendorong penglibatan masih kurang dijalankan. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penglibatan individu dalam perjudian dalam talian serta meneliti corak penglibatan tersebut dalam konteks sosioekonomi masyarakat Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui soal selidik berstruktur yang diedarkan kepada responden yang pernah terlibat dalam perjudian dalam talian. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa faktor kewangan merupakan pendorong paling dominan diikuti oleh faktor teknologi seperti aplikasi mudah alih dan sistem pembayaran digital yang memudahkan akses secara fleksibel. Aspek psikologi, termasuk keseronokan akibat kemenangan dan tekanan hidup, serta pengaruh sosial rakan sebaya turut mendorong penglibatan. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa perjudian dalam talian ialah isu kompleks yang memerlukan pendekatan intervensi holistik merangkumi kawalan teknologi, pendidikan kesedaran dan sokongan psikososial. Implikasi kajian diharapkan dapat membantu pihak berwajib merangka strategi yang lebih berkesan bagi membendung kesan negatif perjudian dalam talian terhadap individu dan masyarakat.

Abstract: In today’s rapidly advancing digital era, online gambling has emerged as a growing social concern as gambling behaviour shifts from traditional forms to easily accessible and highly private digital platforms. This phenomenon reflects the interplay of economic pressures, technological influence, and psychological factors, yet empirical studies that examine the actual drivers of online gambling participation remain limited. This study aims to identify the key factors influencing individuals’ involvement in online gambling and to analyse the patterns of participation within Malaysia’s current socioeconomic context. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to respondents with prior experience in online gambling. The findings reveal that financial motives are the most dominant factor, recording the highest mean score (4.35), indicating that individuals often gamble to obtain quick financial gains. Technological convenience—such as mobile applications and online payment systems—further sustains continuous and private engagement. Psychological factors, including excitement from winning and coping with life stress, as well as social influences from peers, also contribute to participation. The study highlights that online gambling is a multifaceted issue requiring holistic interventions, including technological regulation, awareness education, and psychosocial support. The implications of this study are expected to assist policymakers in designing more effective strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of online gambling on individuals and society.

References

Auer, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Voluntary limit setting and player choice in most intense online gamblers: An empirical study of gambling behaviour. Journal of Gambling Studies, 29(4), 647–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-012-9332-y

Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. In D. C. Hodgins & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and measurement issues in gambling studies (pp. 211–243). Elsevier.

Gainsbury, S. M., & Blaszczynski, A. (2017). How blockchain and cryptocurrency technology could revolutionize online gambling. Gaming Law Review, 21(7), 482–492.

Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., Hing, N., Wood, R., Lubman, D. I., & Blaszczynski, A. (2015). How the Internet is changing gambling: Findings from an Australian prevalence survey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9404-7

Gainsbury, S. M., Wood, R., Russell, A. M. T., Hing, N., & Blaszczynski, A. (2012). A digital revolution: Comparison of demographic profiles, attitudes and gambling behavior of Internet and non-Internet gamblers. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1388–1398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.024

Griffiths, M. D., & Parke, J. (2010). Online poker gambling in university students: Further findings from an online survey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8(1), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9224-x

Hameed, S. (2017). Gambling and its consequences on individual and family life. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 150–162.

Hamzah, A., Che Hassan, N., & Nor, M. (2022). Kesan ekonomi dan sosial perjudian dalam talian di Malaysia. Jurnal Kriminologi Malaysia, 5(2), 45–60.

Hashim, N. H., Zainuddin, N. M., & Aziz, N. A. (2020). Pengaruh aplikasi permainan atas talian terhadap pelajar universiti awam: Satu kajian awal. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 34(1), 55–68.

Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., & Browne, M. (2014). Risk factors for gambling problems: An analysis of high-risk internet gamblers. Addiction, 109(3), 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12363

Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., Tolchard, B., & Nower, L. (2016). Risk factors for gambling problems: An analysis by gender. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 511–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9548-8

Jabatan Perdana Menteri. (2021). Laporan tahunan isu sosial dan perjudian dalam talian di Malaysia. MAMPU.

Kementerian Dalam Negeri. (2022). Laporan operasi Op Dadu dan tindakan penguatkuasaan judi dalam talian. KDN.

King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2010). The convergence of gambling and digital media: Implications for gambling in young people. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9153-9

King, D. L., Russell, A. M. T., Delfabbro, P. H., & Hing, N. (2020). Adolescent simulated gambling via digital and social media: An emerging problem. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, Article 106191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106191

Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet and gaming addiction: A systematic literature review of neuroimaging studies. Brain Sciences, 2(3), 347–374. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci2030347

Ladouceur, R. (2002). Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(11), 766–773.

Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., & Doucet, C. (2002). Understanding and treating the illusion of control in problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014583113659

LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Disordered gambling, type of gambling and gambling involvement in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007. The European Journal of Public Health, 21(4), 532–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp177

Lee, C. P., & Chua, Y. P. (2019). Trend perjudian dalam talian dalam kalangan masyarakat bandar di Malaysia. Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara, 20(1), 35–50.

Lim, K., & Low, J. (2019). Gambling behaviour and social implications among Malaysians. Asian Social Science Journal, 15(8), 10–25.

Lopez-Gonzalez, H., Estévez, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Marketing and advertising online sports betting: A problem gambling perspective. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 41(3), 256–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723517705545

McCormack, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). The effects of problem gambling on quality of life and wellbeing. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(4), 513–520.

McCormack, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). A scoping study of the structural and situational characteristics of internet gambling. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 3(1), 29–49.

Mohd Isa, H., Norazlin, S., & Kamal, A. (2023). Persepsi masyarakat terhadap permainan mesin stimulator di Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Sosial Malaysia, 11(3), 101–117.

Mohd Nasir, Z. (2021). Pandemic and the rise of online gambling in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Issues, 7(2), 88–104.

Mohd Yusof, A. M., & Abdul Razak, A. Z. (2019). Cabaran penguatkuasaan undang-undang terhadap judi dalam talian di Malaysia. Jurnal Undang-undang dan Masyarakat, 23(2), 19–30.

Muhamaad Aminnuralif. (2022). Statistik tangkapan judi dalam talian meningkat 2021. Sinar Harian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/180519/berita/nasional/statistik-judi-2021

Nor Azizah Mokhtar. (2021, November 3). Judi dalam talian meningkat ketika PKP. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/kes/2021/11/883479/judi-dalam-talian-meningkat-ketika-pkp

Parke, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2007). The role of structural characteristics in gambling. In G. Smith (Ed.), [Book title missing].

Parke, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). The role of structural characteristics in gambling. In H. Bowden-Jones & S. George (Eds.), A clinician’s guide to working with problem gamblers. Routledge.

PDRM. (2022). Laporan tahunan bahagian D7: Pencegahan judi/maksiat/gangsterism. Polis Diraja Malaysia.

PDRM. (2023). Kenyataan media: Op Dadu dan rampasan mesin stimulator di Selangor. Polis Diraja Malaysia.

Petry, N. M., & Gonzalez-Ibanez, A. (2015). Internet gambling problems. In N. M. Petry (Ed.), Behavioral addictions: DSM-5® and beyond (pp. 261–277). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199391565.003.0015

Polis Diraja Malaysia. (2021). Laporan statistik serbuan dan tangkapan judi dalam talian 2019–2021. Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah Bukit Aman.

Rahim, S., & Hassan, R. (2020). Perjudian dan faktor sosioekonomi: Satu analisis di Malaysia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Malaysia, 16(1), 73–89.

Rahim, S. A., Abdullah, M. N., & Latif, N. A. (2020). Pengaruh tekanan hidup terhadap penglibatan dalam perjudian dalam talian dalam kalangan belia Malaysia. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 8(2), 105–121.

Saari, A., Manaf, R., & Kadir, N. (2021). Sejarah dan perubahan sosial aktiviti perjudian dalam masyarakat Melayu. Jurnal Tamadun Islam dan Alam Melayu, 28(1), 33–48.

Saari, N., Manaf, R. A., & Kadir, M. A. (2021). Traditional gambling practices in Malay society: A historical and cultural perspective. Southeast Asian Studies, 49(2), 120–135.

Tan, C. (2023). Organised gambling syndicates and money laundering in Malaysia. Malaysian Police Review, 9(2), 55–70.

Thomas, A. C., Allen, F. C., Phillips, J., & Karantzas, G. (2019). Gaming machine addiction: The role of avoidance, escape and boredom. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33(2), 133–142.

Walker, M. B. (1992). The psychology of gambling. Pergamon Press.

Wardle, H., Moody, A., Griffiths, M., Orford, J., & Volberg, R. (2011). Defining the online gambler and patterns of behaviour integration: Evidence from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010. International Gambling Studies, 11(3), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2011.628684

Williams, R. J., Wood, R. T., & Parke, J. (2012). Policy options for Internet gambling. In Routledge International Handbook of Internet Gambling (pp. 249–272). Routledge.

Wood, R. T. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2007). Online guidance, advice and support for problem gamblers and concerned relatives and friends: An evaluation of the GamAid pilot service. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 35(4), 373–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880701593540

Wood, R. T. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Understanding positive play: An exploration of playing experiences and responsible gambling practices. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(1), 145–164.

Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2009). Internet gambling: Prevalence, patterns, problems, and policy options. Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre.

Wu, C., Lei, L., & Fan, C. (2021). The effect of gambling wins on gambling behavior: Evidence from a neural and behavioral study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 37(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-020-09934-2

Yusoff, H., & Lee, P. (2020). Public perception on legal and illegal gambling activities in Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Studies, 14(3), 90–112.

Zainudin, N. M., & Azmi, S. N. M. (2021). Pola ketagihan permainan digital berasaskan perjudian dalam kalangan pelajar IPT di Malaysia. Jurnal Kajian Media 3(1). 72–86.