Kerelevanan, Keseimbangan dan Kelestarian Pelaburan Pengurusan Bencana Banjir (Relevance, Balance, And Sustainability In Flood Disaster Management Investment)

Abstract

Pelaburan dalam pengurusan bencana banjir memerlukan pendekatan penilaian yang menyeluruh bagi memastikan setiap keputusan yang dibuat adalah relevan, seimbang dan lestari dalam konteks pembangunan negara. Pengurusan pelaburan dalam projek mitigasi bencana banjir kini berdepan cabaran penilaian yang tidak seimbang apabila indikator ekonomi konvensional lebih diberi keutamaan berbanding nilai sosial dan alam sekitar. Pergantungan kepada ukuran ekonomi semata-mata sering menyebabkan nilai sosial dan alam sekitar kurang diberi perhatian kerana ketiadaan metrik standard untuk menilai nilai tidak ketara yang terhasil daripada sesuatu intervensi. Sehubungan itu, Social Return on Investment (SROI) diperkenalkan sebagai satu kerangka analisis yang mengkuantifikasikan nilai sosial, ekonomi dan alam sekitar melalui penggunaan proksi kewangan, sekali gus menjadikan nilai subjektif lebih jelas, terukur dan berupaya diterjemahkan dalam bentuk yang mudah difahami oleh pemegang taruh yang terlibat. Artikel ini membincangkan kerelevanan, keseimbangan serta kelestarian pelaburan pengurusan bencana banjir menerusi aplikasi SROI, di samping menekankan peranannya dalam meningkatkan ketelusan, komunikasi dan justifikasi peruntukan sumber. Kajian kes Projek Tebatan Banjir (PTB) Sungai Muda menunjukkan bahawa setiap RM1.00 pelaburan menghasilkan RM4.88 nilai sosial yang dimonetisasi, membuktikan keberkesanan dan kewajaran pelaburan tersebut diteruskan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa pulangan sosial yang dijana jauh melebihi kos pelaburan, membuktikan keberkesanan projek tersebut dalam mengurangkan risiko bencana serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan komuniti. SROI merupakan alat bagi meningkatkan ketelusan dan justifikasi penggunaan sumber awam. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa SROI bukan sekadar instrumen penilaian, tetapi satu pendekatan strategik yang mampu menyokong pembuatan keputusan berasaskan bukti serta memastikan pelaburan mitigasi banjir lebih mampan, inklusif dan berpandangan jangka panjang.

Abstract: Investment in flood disaster management requires a comprehensive evaluation approach to ensure that all decisions made are relevant, balanced, and sustainable within the context of national development. Investment management in flood mitigation projects currently faces assessment challenges, as conventional economic indicators are often prioritised over social and environmental values. Reliance solely on economic measures frequently results in limited attention to social and environmental benefits due to the absence of standard metrics capable of assessing the intangible value generated by an intervention. Accordingly, the Social Return on Investment (SROI) framework is introduced as an analytical tool that quantifies social, economic, and environmental value through the use of financial proxies, thereby making subjective benefits clearer, measurable, and easily understood by stakeholders. This article examines the relevance, balance, and sustainability of investments in flood disaster management through the application of SROI, while also emphasising its role in enhancing transparency, communication, and justification of resource allocation. The case study of the Sungai Muda Flood Mitigation Project (SMFMP) shows that every RM1.00 invested yields RM4.88 in monetised social value, demonstrating the effectiveness and rationale for continuing such investments. The findings indicate that the social returns generated far exceed the investment costs, validating the project’s effectiveness in reducing disaster risks and improving community well-being. SROI also serves as a tool to strengthen transparency and justification for the use of public resources. Overall, this study affirms that SROI is not merely an evaluation instrument but a strategic approach capable of supporting evidence-based decision-making and ensuring that flood mitigation investments are more sustainable, inclusive, and long-term oriented.

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