Metafora Konseptual dan Manifestasi Linguistik dalam Bahasa Melayu dan Perancis: Satu Analisis Kognitif (Conceptual Metaphor and Linguistic Manifestations in Malay and French: A Cognitive Analysis)

Suziana Mat Saad, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Imran-Ho Abdullah

Abstract


Makalah ini meneliti bagaimana manifestasi linguistik metafora konseptual diterjemahkan daripada bahasa Melayu kepada bahasa Perancis. Sebelum ini aspek penterjemahan metafora telah ditangani menerusi teori terjemahan konvensional. Seiring dengan kebangkitan aliran kognitif dalam membicarakan tentang metafora, makalah ini mengambil inisiatif untuk menyelisik bagaimana pendekatan kognitif mampu menghuraikan permasalahan ini dari satu perspektif yang lebih segar secara makro. Bagi maksud tersebut tiga buah novel Melayu iaitu Salina, Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan dan Angin Timur Laut bersama dengan tiga novel versi terjemahan dalam bahasa Perancis iaitu Salina, Le Riz dan Le Vent de Sud-Est digunakan untuk kajian ini. Kesemua enam buah novel berkenaan membentuk Korpus Dwibahasa Melayu-Perancis. Menerusi kaedah Analisis Metafora Berpola (Stefanowitsch, 2006), enam metafora linguistik dipilih untuk dibincangkan. Tumpuan diberikan kepada metafora linguistik yang menunjukkan pemetaforaan konsep KEHIDUPAN iaitu KEHIDUPAN ADALAH PERJALANAN, KEHIDUPAN ADALAH PEPERANGAN dan KEHIDUPAN ADALAH PERJUANGAN.  Penelitian ini akan dibuat berdasarkan pendekatan kognitif yang diusulkan oleh Kövecses (2005). Hasil analisis yang dilakukan ke atas enam data tersebut mendapati terdapat perbezaan dari segi bentuk kata yang digunakan dalam bahasa Melayu dan Perancis. Walau bagaimanapun dari sudut makna literal, makna figuratif dan metafora konseptual yang digunakan hanya satu sampel daripada konsep PERJALANAN yang mengalami perbezaan; lima data lain mengekalkan makna dan metafora konseptual yang sama.


Kata kunci: terjemahan kognitif; metafora konseptual; analisis metafora berPola; persamaan; perbezaan

 ABSTRACT

This paper examines how the linguistic manifestations of conceptual metaphors are translated from Malay to French. Prior to this, the translation of metaphors has been conducted through the conventional translation theory. Following the increasing interest in discussing metaphors using the cognitive approach, this paper investigates how the cognitive approach can be used to describe this issue from a different perspective at a macro level. To this end, three Malay novels namely Salina, Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan and Angin Timur Laut and their respective French versions namely Salina, Le Riz and Le Vent de Nord-Est were used in this study. All six novels formed a Malay-French Bilingual corpus. Through Metaphorical Pattern Analysis methods (Stefanowitsch, 2006), six linguistic metaphors were selected for the purpose of discussion. Focus was given on linguistic metaphors that show the metaphors of LIFE as LIFE IS A JOURNEY, LIFE IS WAR and LIFE IS A STRUGGLE. This study was based on the cognitive approach proposed by Kövecses (2005). Results of the analysis conducted on the six data suggest that there are differences in the word forms used in Malay and French. However, from the perspective of literal and figurative meaning as well as the conceptual metaphors used, only one sample of the journey concept was different; the five others maintained the meanings and the conceptual metaphors.

 

Keywords: cognitive translation; conceptual metaphor; metaphorical pattern analysis; similarities; differences

 


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2018-1803-07

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