Kualiti udara dalam bangunan di bangunan Sains Biologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Indoor air quality: The case of the Biology Sciences Building, Faculty of Science And Technology, National University of Malaysia)

Sytty Mazian Mazlan, Ainon Hamzah, Mastura Mahmud

Abstract


Kualiti udara dalaman adalah satu istilah yang merujuk kepada kualiti udara di dalam dan di sekitar bangunan dan struktur di mana ia amat berkaitan dengan kesihatan dan keselesaan orang yang berada di dalam bangunan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kualiti udara dalaman pada beberapa makmal di Bangunan Sains Biologi, Fakulti dan Teknologi, UKM di samping dalam mengenal pasti spesis bakteria dan kulat yang hadir serta mengkaji pandangan pengguna tentang kualiti udara dalaman. Pencerapan dilakukan dengan mengukur kepekatan karbon dioksida, suhu dan kelembapan relatif di makmal pada sesi petang dan malam, bilangan bakteria dan kulat di dalam udara dengan mendedahkan piring petri di dalam persekitaran makmal, pengenalpastian genus bakteria dan kulat melalui ujian biokimia dan kit komersial. Di samping itu, satu soalselidik dibentuk untuk mengkaji pandangan pengguna Bangunan Sains Biologi tentang kualiti udara dalaman tempat kerja mereka. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap kepekatan karbon dioksida, suhu dan kelembapan relatif bagi kebanyakan stesen persampelan adalah mengikut piawaian yang dicadangkan oleh pihak DOSH. Hanya purata suhu dan kelembapan relatif di empat iaitu Makmal Pembelajaran Biokimia, Makmal Sains Sekitaran, Makmal Fikologi dan Biologi Akuatik dan Makmal Mikrobiologi Persekitaran menunjukkan bacaan yang tinggi sedikit daripada piawaian dan garis panduan yang disarankan oleh DOSH. Pengenalpastian spesis bakteria dan kulat yang dilakukan di kesemua stesen persampelan mendapati kehadiran spesis bakteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus sphaericus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluarescens, Pseudomonas stuzeri dan Aeromonas hydrophila serta spesis kulat Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium digitatum dan Fusarium dimerum. Selanjutnya, hasil soalselidik mendapati hampir keseluruhan responden (96.8%) menyatakan tahap keselesaan serta kesihatan mereka semasa berada di dalam bangunan adalah baik manakala sistem ventilasi bangunan berada pada tahap yang memuaskan. Tahap kesedaran kebanyakan responden mengenai kepentingan kualiti udara dalaman pula adalah pada tahap sederhana. Antara cadangan bagi meningkatkan kualiti udara dalaman yang diperolehi daripada kajian ini ialah memastikan sistem penghawa dingin beroperasi dengan baik dan meningkatkan tahap kesedaran mengenai kepentingan kualiti udara dalaman di kalangan pekerja dan pelajar di Bangunan Sains Biologi.

Katakunci: bakteri, karbon dioksida, kelembapan relatif, kualiti udara dalaman, kulat, suhu

Indoor air quality refers to the air quality in and around buildings and structures related to the health and comfort of those who are in the building. The objectives of this study were to determine the indoor air quality, to identify species of bacteria and fungi present in the room, and to investigate the consumer views on indoor air quality in Biology Sciences Building, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, National University of Malaysia. This study measures the concentration of carbon dioxide, temperature and relative humidity in the laboratory in the afternoon and at night. The number of bacteria and fungi in the air was determined by exposing a petri dish in a laboratory setting and by biochemical tests. A questionnaire designed to study the Biology Sciences Building was administered to the building users to gauge their views on indoor air quality. The results revealed that carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and relative humidity for most of the sampling stations were in accordance with the standards set by the DOSH. Only average temperatures and relative humidity at the Learning Lab Biochemistry, Environmental Science Laboratory, the Laboratory Psychology and Aquatic Biology, and the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory showed slightly higher readings compared to those by DOSH. Bacteria and fungi identification procedures carried out at all sampling stations showed the presence of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus sphaericus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluarescens, Pseudomonas stuzeri and Aeromonas hydrophila , Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium digitatum and Fusarium dimerum. Furthermore, the survey showed that almost all respondents indicated respectively a good and a satisfactory level of comfort and health while in the building and with regard to the building ventilating system. Users’ awareness of the importance of indoor air quality was found to be moderate. In conclusion, to improve indoor air quality the air conditioning system must be operated properly, and workers and students using the Biological Sciences Building must increase their awareness of the importance of indoor air quality.

Keywords: bacteria, carbon dioxide, fungi, indoor air quality, relative humidity, temperature


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