Memupuk perpaduan di Malaysia: Unsur-unsur penyatuan di sebalik imbuhan bahasa Iban Sarawak purba (The making of Malaysian solidarity: Unifying elements behind ancient Iban language affixes)

Rahim Aman, Muhammad Nur Latif, Shahidi A. H.

Abstract


Kajian sistem pengimbuhan yang melibatkan tiga varian Iban Sarawak, iaitu Sri Aman, Betong, dan Sarikei, jelas memperlihatkan bahawa awalan kata kerja {N}, {di-}, {bƏ(R)-}, {tƏ(R)-} dan {ƏN-}; awalan kata nama {pƏN-}; awalan kata adjektif {pƏN-}; akhiran {-ka} dan apitan kata kerja {N-ka} dan {tƏ-ka} mempunyai tahap kesepadanan yang tinggi antara varian. Sebaliknya, awalan kata nama {sƏ-}; awalan kata adjektif {ɧƏN-}; dan apitan kata kerja {di-ka}, {bƏ-ka} dan {ɧƏN-ka} wujud secara tidak sepadan antara varian Ibanik Sarawak. Perbezaan yang wujud mungkin disebabkan hasil dapatan yang dimanfaatkan oleh pengkaji hanya bersumberkan satu hingga dua buah cerita rakyat sahaja yang masing-masing mewakili setiap bahagian. Pengkaji berkeyakinan bahawa masih ada lagi beberapa jenis imbuhan yang sepatutnya wujud dalam sesebuah varian tersebut, namun disebabkan kajian imbuhan ini berlandaskan sumber daripada rakaman cerita, telah menyebabkan sesetengah imbuhan berkenaan tidak digunakan. Tingkat perbezaan yang minimum jelas menggambarkan bahawa keterikatan antara ketiga-tiga varian tersebut tidak dapat dipertikaikan lagi. Setelah dianalisis, terbukti bahawa sistem imbuhan turut membantu menjelaskan jauh dekatnya hubungan kekerabatan antara varian Ibanik Sarawak dan sekaligus menunjukkan kesepaduan Ibanik dengan Melayu.

Katakunci: dialek, Iban, imbuhan, inovasi, morfologi, rekonstruksi


An affix system study of three Sarawak Iban variants , namely Sri Aman, Betong, and Sarikei, clearly shows that the prefix verb{N}, {di-}, {bƏ(R)-}, {tƏ(R)-} and {ƏN-}; prefix noun {pƏN-}; prefix adjective {pƏN-}; suffix {-ka} and confic verb {N-ka} and {tƏ-ka} have a high level of compatibility between variants. By contrast, the prefix noun {sƏ-}; prefix adjective {ɧƏN-}; and confix verb {di-ka}, {bƏ-ka} exhibit mismatch between the Sarawak Iban variants. These apparent differences could be due to the fact that the findings utilised by the researchers were sourced from only one or two folklores. It is the authors‟ belief that some forms of conjunction adjustments should exist in variants but because recorded stories were the main source of the study some vital affixation adjustments were omitted. In any case, the existence of minimum levels of differences clearly illustrates that the bond between the three variants is indisputable. The analysis proved that the Sarawak Iban affixation system rendered much help in explaining the close relationship between the different Ibanik variants and in demonstrating the coherence of the Sarawak Iban language with Malay.


Keywords: dialects, Iban, innovation, prefix, morphology, reconstruction


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