Persepsi Sayyid Qutb terhadap Paderi di Amerika Syarikat dalam Travelognya Amerika Allati Ra’ytu

Abstract

 Kajian ini membahaskan kritikan pesimistik mengenai paderi di gereja dalam travelog Sayyid Qutub berjudul Amrika Allati Raytu atau terjemahan bahasa Inggerisnya, The America I Have Seen: In the Scale of Human Values. Sayyid Qutb merupakan seorang pengembara Arab moden dan pemikir Islam yang hebat. Ideologi pemikirannya sentiasa dijadikan rujukan bagi membantu membangkitkan semangat masyarakat Islam abad ke-20 yang telah dijajah oleh kuasa Barat. Sayyid Qutb menghabiskan riwayat hidupnya dengan sentiasa menghasilkan penulisan bagi kegunaan umat Islam. Setiap penulisannya mengandungi makna tersirat yang perlu didalami lagi khususnya travelognya yang kurang mendapat perhatian berbanding penulisannya yang lain. Uniknya, travelog ini banyak menceritakan sisi negatif masyarakat Amerika Syarikat dari sudut keagamaan berfokus kepada personaliti dan peranan paderi di gereja. Justeru itu, kajian ini akan menganalisis kritikan pesimistik tersebut dengan menggunakan teori pengecualian (othering). Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dan dokumentasi. Diharapkan kajian ini dapat memberi satu perspektif baru dalam kesusasteraan Arab dan sastera kembara Islami khasnya dari sudut kritikan keagamaan. Hasil dapatan kajian membuktikan bahawa kritikan pesimistik Sayyid Qutb terhadap paderi gereja abad ke-20 di Amerika Syarikat mempunyai makna tersirat iaitu sebagai usaha untuk mempertahankan masyarakat Mesir daripada terus hanyut dalam kekaguman membuta tuli terhadap ideologi Barat yang tersebar luas ketika itu. Dengan statusnya sebagai pejuang Islam di Mesir, usahanya itu dilihat sebagai pembakar semangat Islam untuk rakyat senegaranya.

Sayyid Qutb’s Perceptions of Priests in the United States in His Travelogue Amerika Allati Ra’ytu

This study discusses the pessimistic criticism on church priests in Sayyid Qutub’s travelogue entitled Amrika Allati Raytu or its English translation, The America I Have Seen: In the Scale of Human Values. Sayyid Qutb was a modern Arab traveler and a great Islamic thinker. His ideology of thoughts has always been used as reference to help resurrect the spirit of the 20th century Muslim communities that have been colonized by Western powers. Sayyid Qutb spent his life by constantly producing writings for the use of Muslims. Each of his writings contains implicit meanings that need to be further explored, especially his travelogue which receives less attention than his other writings. Uniquely, this travelogue tells a lot about the negative side of American society from a religious point of view focusing on the personality and role of the priest in church. Therefore, this study will analyze the pessimistic criticism by using the theory of othering. This study is qualitative in nature using content analysis and documentation methods. It is hoped that this study can provide a new perspective in Arabic literature and Islamic travel literature especially from the aspect of religious criticism. The findings prove that Sayyid Qutb’s pessimistic criticism of 20th century church priests in the United States have implicit meanings as effort to defend Egyptian society from continuing to drift in blind admiration for Western ideology that was widespread at the time. With his status as an Islamic fighter in Egypt, the effort is seen as a fuel for the Islamic spirit for his countrymen.