Crossing the Traditional Wall: A Consilient Framework for Interdisciplinary Historical Reconstruction of Pre-Recorded Eras (Melintasi Tembok Tradisi: Kerangka Konsiliens bagi Rekonstruksi Sejarah antara Disiplin untuk Era Pra-Rekod)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Traditional historiography has been mostly reliant on textual and documentary evidence as the major foundation for its historical claims and findings. The text-centered approach is crucial in producing a faithful record of information about nations and civilizations through a strict stress on factual validity, but it runs into fundamental epistemological issues when used for eras without pre-recorded written documentation. This paper is a theoretical and methodological discussion of interdisciplinary historical reconstruction across the traditional disciplinary boundaries through “crossing the traditional wall” the systematic integration of independent streams of evidence from archaeology, natural science, and material analysis to reinforce historical inferences. The aim of this research is to build a theoretical and methodological framework for reconstructing pre-recorded historical frameworks, employing convergent and multi-evidence procedures that are more accurate and epistemically robust than single-disciplinary methods. This consistent multidisciplinary approach allows historians to collect and understand historical information according to several separate lines of evidence, and thus overcomes the limitations of the conventional assumption that historical data without textual records are inherently unreliable or invalid. This study is a case study of archaeological research data from the Ancient Kedah sites in Bujang Valley, Kedah, to demonstrate the implementation of this paradigm. The findings demonstrate that consistent interdisciplinary techniques are an essential prerequisite in contemporary historical research to achieve factual accuracy, epistemic validity, and holistic interpretation. The “crossing the traditional wall” paradigm enriches the approach to historical research and provides new aspects in understanding past societies, especially eras without written records.
Keyword: Historical methodology, consilient interdisciplinarity, archaeology, pre-recorded research, historiography, epistemology
ABSTRAK
Pensejarahan tradisional kebanyakannya bergantung kepada bukti tekstual dan dokumentari sebagai asas utama bagi dakwaan dan penemuan sejarahnya. Pendekatan berpusatkan teks ini penting dalam menghasilkan rekod maklumat yang tepat tentang negara dan tamadun melalui penekanan yang ketat terhadap kesahihan fakta, namun ia menghadapi masalah epistemologi yang mendasar apabila digunakan untuk era tanpa dokumentasi bertulis. Kertas ini merupakan perbincangan teori dan metodologi tentang rekonstruksi sejarah antara disiplin merentasi sempadan disiplin tradisional melalui apa yang diistilahkan sebagai “melintasi tembok tradisi” iaitu integrasi sistematik aliran bukti bebas daripada arkeologi, sains semula jadi, dan analisis material bagi mengukuhkan inferens sejarah. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membina kerangka teori dan metodologi bagi merekonstruksi kerangka sejarah pra-rekod, dengan menggunakan prosedur konvergen dan pelbagai bukti yang lebih tepat serta kukuh dari segi epistemik berbanding kaedah satu disiplin. Pendekatan pelbagai disiplin yang konsisten ini membolehkan sejarawan mengumpul dan memahami maklumat sejarah berdasarkan beberapa baris bukti yang berasingan, seterusnya mengatasi batasan andaian konvensional bahawa data sejarah tanpa rekod tekstual adalah pada dasarnya tidak boleh dipercayai atau tidak sah. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kes data penyelidikan arkeologi dari tapak arkeologi Kedah Tua di Lembah Bujang, Kedah, bagi menunjukkan pelaksanaan paradigma ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa teknik antara disiplin yang konsisten merupakan prasyarat penting dalam penyelidikan sejarah kontemporari bagi mencapai ketepatan fakta, kesahihan epistemik, dan interpretasi yang holistik. Paradigma “melintasi tembok tradisi” ini memperkayakan pendekatan penyelidikan sejarahdan membuka dimensi baharu dalam memahami masyarakat lampau, terutamanya era yang tidak mempunyai rekod bertulis.
Kata Kunci: Metodologi sejarah, antara disiplin konsisten, arkeologi, penyelidikan pra-rekod, pensejarahan, epistemology
Keywords
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