Dimensi Ilustrasi Visual dalam Manuskrip Pelaga Lembu Alam Melayu (Dimensions of Visual Illustration in Pelaga Lembu Manuscript)

SHAHRUL ANUAR SHAARI, AB. RAZAK AB. KARIM, MOHAMMAD NAZZRI AHMAD, NOR AZLIN HAMIDON

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Ilustrasi visual daripada berbagai kumpulan imajan telah lama wujud dalam naskhah manuskrip alam Melayu, khususnya dalam genre adat dan budaya. Buktinya adalah merujuk kepada temuan unsur-unsur visual dalam manuskrip Pelaga Lembu (MS1649) dari Kelantan-Patani, yang ditulis sekitar tahun 1860-an-1920-an. Manuskrip ini bersifat tunggal dan mempamerkan ciri-ciri autentik dalam konteks budaya kesenian visual. Dimensi ilustrasi visual merangkumi imajan makhluk ghaib seperti jin, pelbagai jenis simbolik wafak, diagram, kaligram, jadual, haiwan, Huruffuyyun, Yantra-Sak Yant, reka bentuk binaan, figura manusia dan pelbagai jenis tanda bab atau ayah. Keseluruhan unsur ilustrasi bukan berperanan sebagai hiasan tetapi berfungsi secara simbolik tentang adat dan tatacara pengurusan lembu pelaga sebelum, ketika dan selepas temasya perlagaan lembu. Manuskrip merupakan manual untuk pawang atau bomoh yang dianggap ‘orang pandai’ bertanggungjawab menentukan hari tarikh, bulan bersesuaian bagi mengadakan temasya. Pemikiran visual secara simbolik dan metaforik menjadi dasar utama alam kesenian Melayu dilihat melalui pendekatan komunikasi menggunakan kandungan semiotologi seperti ikon, indeks dan simbol. Setiap ilustrasi visual dihasilkan mempunyai ‘isi’ yang berfungsi secara grafik, optikal, persepsi, imajan mental dan verbal sama ada secara sedar atau tidak sedar telah diaplikasikan untuk tujuan hiburan kepada masyarakat.

Kata kunci: Ilustrasi visual; manuskrip pelaga lembu; Alam Melayu; Kelantan-Patani

 

ABSTRACT: Visual illustrations of authentic features have long existed in the Malay manuscript, especially in custom and cultural genres. This is evidence through the findings of visual document found in the Pelaga Lembu manuscript (MS1649) written around the 1860s-1920s originated from Kelantan-Patani. The manuscript is a single manuscript that exhibits authentic features in the context of visual arts and culture. The dimensions of the visual illustrations include the imagination of supernatural elements like jinn, various symbolic forms of charm, diagrams, calendars, schedules, animals, Huruffuyyun, Yantra-Sak Yant, building design, human figure and various types of dot mark. The overall element in this illustration does not serve as an ornament, but symbolically refers to the custom and management of the bull before, during and after the fighting game. The manuscript is also act as a manual guide for a heroic handler or a shaman who is responsible to determine the most suitable date to hold the event. The study reveals that symphonic and metaphorical visual thinking are the main basis of the Malay artistic nature emerged in the communication approaches using semiotological content such as icons, indexes and symbols. The study concludes that the visual illustration has functionally, graphically, optically, perceptually, mentally and verbally implicitly ‘contents’ utilised for entertainment purposes.

Keywords: Visual illustration; pelaga lembu manuscript; Malay World; Kelantan-Patani.


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