Teknologi Istinggar: Beberapa Ciri Fizikal dalam Aplikasi Teknikalnya

WAN MOHD DAISUKI WAN HASBULLAH, OTHMAN MOHD YATIM

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Eksploitasi ubat bedil telah mencetuskan gelombang inovasi teknologi peralatan peperangan yang dinamakan sebagai senjata api. Secara beransur-ansur, senjata api menjadi teknologi baharu yang sentiasa dibangunkan serta dikehendaki dalam setiap peperangan, tidak terkecuali juga kepada orang Melayu sejak kurun ke-16 lagi. Antara jenis senjata api yang turut mendapat perhatian mereka ialah istinggar. Namun tidak seperti senjata api lain yang dikategorikan ke dalam kumpulan artileri seperti meriam dan lela; istinggar – sebagai sejenis senjata api ringan – tidak banyak dibincangkan tentang sifat-sifat, fungsi dan peranannya sebagai peralatan material yang penting dalam konteks kebudayaan orang Melayu. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan tentang apakah dia istinggar dengan meneliti ciri-ciri fizikalnya yang asas dalam proses untuk memahami aspek kepenggunaan serta kedudukannya dalam sistem persenjataan Melayu. Penelitian dibuat dengan berpandukan kepada sumber-sumber bertulis serta pemerhatian ke atas beberapa sampel senjata api ringan tersebut.

Kata kunci: etnohistori, istinggar, kebudayaan material, senjata api, teknologi Melayu

 

ABSTRACT: The exploitation of gunpowder has triggered a wave of technological innovation in warfare, evident from the use of firearms. Gunpowder-dependent weaponry paved the way for new technology in firearms, which was constantly developed and very much in demand during war. The 16th century Malay was no exception to this firearms acquisition. Istinggar was one of the types of firearms, which was a perennial favorite amongst the Malay. Unlike other forms of artillery such as cannons and handguns, the istinggar – a light form of firearm – has only a sprinkling of discussions held in its name; in terms of form, function and the role it plays as an important tool in the context of Malay material culture. This article sets out to define the istinggar, by means of its basic physical characteristics in an effort to understand its usage as a firearm, as well as its position in the Malay weaponry system. Research for this article is based on written sources as well as firsthand observations of istinggar sample.

Key words: ethnohistory, matchlock istinggar, material culture, firearms, Malay technology


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