Carbon Emission from Vehicular Source in Selected Industrial Areas in Malaysia (Pelepasan karbon daripada Sumber Kenderaan di Kawasan Perindustrian Terpilih di Malaysia)

AZLIYANA AZHARI, AHMAD FARIZ MOHAMED, MOHD TALIB LATIF

Abstract


ABSTRACT: Vehicle emission has been the major source of environmental pollution for the past 30 years. The urbanization, industrialization and traffic systems growth are causing more air pollution problem in the city creating an uncomfortable atmosphere to live in. Carbon emission is one of the main air pollutants causing problems in the local and global community. This paper discusses the effect of increasing vehicular traffic on the road in a few industrial sites within cities in Malaysia to the release of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. This paper studies the traffic trend using census data from JKJR and converted into carbon emission using DEFRA GHG Conversion Factors and air quality trend from Alam Sekitar Malaysia in three selected industrial area in Malaysia, which are Shah Alam Industrial Area, Seremban-Senawang Industrial Area and Kuantan-Pekan Industrial Area. Carbon monoxide concentration trend in Shah Alam and Seremban-Senawang fluctuates with the highest concentration of 1.78ppm for Shah Alam and 0.77ppm in Seremban-Senawang in the earlier years and becoming lower in 2010 and 2011 compared to the trend in Kuantan-Pekan, which increased since 2001 to 2011 with the highest concentration of 0.54ppm. Carbon dioxide concentration is highest at Shah Alam ranging from 18067.17 to 88150.01 kg CO2 /km travelled compared to Kuantan-Pekan ranging from 3520.39 to 6953.69 kg CO2 /km travelled and Seremban-Senawang ranging from 3783.29 to 5734.30 kg CO2 /km travelled. Based on the early findings, the increasing vehicular traffic resulted in increment of carbon emission in the atmosphere.

Keywords: Carbon emission; vehicle source; industrial areas; Malaysia

 

ABSTRAK: Pelepasan asap kenderaan telah menjadi punca utama pencemaran alam sekitar sejak 30 tahun yang lalu. Proses perbandaran, perindustrian dan pertumbuhan sistem trafik yang menyebabkan lebih masalah pencemaran udara di bandar mewujudkan suasana tidak selesa untuk didiami. Pelepasan Karbon adalah salah satu daripada bahan pencemar udara utama yang menyebabkan masalah dalam masyarakat setempat dan global. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan kesan peningkatan kenderaan di jalan raya di beberapa kawasan industri dalam bandar di Malaysia dengan pembebasan karbon dioksida dan karbon monoksida di dalam atmosfera. Dalam kertas ini, arah aliran trafik menggunakan data banci daripada JKJR dan ditukar kepada pelepasan karbon menggunakan Penukaran Faktor DEFRA GHG dan trend kualiti udara Alam Sekitar Malaysia di tiga kawasan perindustrian di Malaysia yang dipilih iaitu Kawasan Perindustrian Shah Alam, Kawasan Perindustrian Seremban-Senawang dan Kawasan Perindustrian Kuantan-Pekan. Trend kepekatan karbon monoksida di Shah Alam dan Seremban-Senawang berkeadaan turun naik dengan kepekatan tertinggi 1.78ppm di Shah Alam dan 0.77ppm di Seremban-Senawang pada tahun-tahun sebelum ini dan menjadi lebih rendah pada tahun 2010 dan 2011 berbanding trend di Kuantan-Pekan, yang meningkat sejak tahun 2001 hingga 2011 dengan kepekatan tertinggi 0.54ppm. Kepekatan karbon dioksida adalah paling tinggi di Shah Alam dengan julat 18.067,17-88.150,01 kg CO2 /km perjalanan berbanding Kuantan-Pekan yang terdiri 3520,39-6953,69 kg CO2 /km perjalanan dan berbanding Seremban-Senawang terdiri 3783,29-5734,30 kg CO2 /km perjalanan. Berdasarkan penemuan awal, kenderaan yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan kenaikan pelepasan karbon di atmosfera.

Kata kunci: Pelepasan karbon; sumber kenderaan; kawasan industry; Malaysia


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