Toponimi Sakai-Melayu di Riau (Sakai-Malay Toponyms in Riau)

Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar, Sailal Arimi, Sukma Erni, Zaidi Ismail

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Toponimi ialah kajian saintifik tentang penamaan sesuatu tempat. Kajian toponimi bersifat rentas disiplin, yang melibatkan bidang linguistik, geografi, sejarah, budaya, sosial dan politik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyiasat etimologi dan mengklasifikasi nama tempat yang berkaitan dengan bahasa Sakai di Riau. Secara khusus, kawasan kajian tertumpu di Mandau dan Pinggir. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan toponimi deskriptif, yang tertumpu pada aspek geografi dan sejarah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan berdasarkan kaedah fotografi dan temu bual separa berstruktur. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa nama tempat di Riau menggunakan hukum D-M, misalnya Sungai Mandau dan Jalan Kayu Manis. Pola nama tempat di kawasan boleh dibahagikan kepada 4, iaitu bahasa Sakai, bahasa Melayu, bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Arab. Kategori toponimi terbahagi kepada dua, iaitu toponimi natural dan toponim ciptaan. Hasil kajian mendapati nama tempat di Riau cenderung menggunakan toponimi natural, yang berkaitan flora (Jalan Mawar, Sungai Sikai) dan fauna (Gajah Sakti), manakala toponimi ciptaan terdiri dari nama umum dan nama khusus. Nama umum merujuk kepada nama am, misalnya Jalan Rokan dan Jalan Damai. Nama khusus pula memilih nama komemoratif dan tokoh tempatan, misalnya Jalan Jenderal Sudirman dan Jalan Tambusai. Keseluruhannya, nama tempat di Riau cenderung menggunakan bahasa Sakai, yang banyak dipengaruhi alam sekitar.

Kata kunci: Etimologi; Bahasa Sakai; Riau; Toponimi Natural; Toponimi Ciptaan

ABSTRACT: Toponymy is the scientific study of place naming. It is an interdisciplinary field that involves linguistics, geography, history, culture, society, and politics. This study aims to investigate the etymology and classify place names related to the Sakai language in Riau. Specifically, the study focuses on the areas of Mandau and Pinggir. A descriptive toponymic approach is used, emphasizing geographical and historical aspects. Data collection was carried out through photography and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that place names in Riau follow the D-M rule, such as Sungai Mandau and Jalan Kayu Manis. The patterns of place names in the area can be divided into four different languages: Sakai, Malay, Javanese, and Arabic. Toponyms are categorized into two types: natural toponyms and created toponyms. The study found that place names in Riau tend to use natural toponyms, related to flora (Jalan Mawar, Sungai Sikai) and fauna (Gajah Sakti), while created toponyms consist of general and specific names. General names refer to common names, such as Jalan Rokan and Jalan Damai. Specific names include commemorative names and local figures, such as Jalan Jenderal Sudirman and Jalan Tambusai. Overall, place names in Riau tend to use the Sakai language, which is heavily influenced by the natural environment.

Keywords: Etymology; Sakai Language; Riau; Natural Taponymy; Manmade Toponymy


Keywords


Kata kunci: Etimologi; Bahasa Sakai; Riau; Toponimi Natural; Toponimi Ciptaan

Full Text:

PDF

References


Afidah, N.N. A Kosasih, W Damayanti, S Hamidah, R H

Nugraha, M W Rizkyanfi & A Fuadin. 2020. The Kadu

Lexicon Local Wisdom of Geographic’s Toponymic

at Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. 4th IGEOS:

International Geography Seminar 2020. 1-8.

Asmah Haji Omar. 1987. ‘Linguistic Consideration in the

Treatment of Place-names’. Dalam Malay in its sociocultural

context. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Blair, D. & Tent, J. 2020. Toponym Types: A Revised Typology

of Place Naming. ANPS technical paper, No. 5: 1-15.

Burhanuddin. 2021. Bahasa Sakai sebagai Variasi Melayu:

Tinjauan Aspek Linguistik Diakronis. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian

Bahasa 10(2): 326-340.

Duond Thi Ngu. 2021. Method of Naming Places with Original

Elements of Ethnic Minority Languages in Tuyen Quang

Province. International Journal of Humanities and Social

Science Invention 10(5): 11-13.

Ellya Roza, Yasnel & Mirawati. 2019. Akulturasi Islam

dalam Adat Pengesahan Perkawinan Suku Sakai Solapan

Kabupaten Benglias, Riau. Jurnal TSAQAFAH 15(1): 49

Erna Mahyuni. 2018. The Sakai and Jakunare People, not

Insults. Malay Mail, Wed. 24 Jan. 2018.

Fina Musta’ina, Muhammad Sandra, Ikhsan Hidayat, Siti

Kuramin, Fanji Suteja & Mita Rosaliza. 2017. The Local

Wisdom of the Sakai tribe in Mandau, Bengkalis Regency

in Preserving Forest and River: Symbolic Interaction.

Proceeding the 5th Asian Academy Society International

Conference. Thailand. Hlm. 135-142

Hoffman, I. & Toth, V. 2018. Theoretical Issues in Toponym

Typology. Annals of the Austrian Geographical Society 160:

-302.

Intan Siti Nughara, Lia Maulia Indrayani & Ypsi Soeria

Soemantri. 2020. Place-naming (toponymy) of Kecamatan

in Bandung: A Morphological Study. Journal of Language

Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 8(1):

-136.

Khvesko, T.V. 2014. Interdisciplinary approach to British place

names studies. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences

: 402-406.

Khayitova Feruza Abdikhalikovna. 2020. Principles of

Toponyms (place names) Classifications. International

Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious understanding

(6): 73-79.

Khusnudin Bayqabilov, Asqar Nigmatov, Mirali Mirackmalov

& Nurbol Karakulov. 2019. Toponomic Analysis of World

Countries: Degree of Learning, Toponomic Classification

and Natural Geographical Aspects. International Journal of

Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 8(4): 814-819.

Madden, D.J. 2017. Pushed off the Map: Toponymy and the

Politics of Place in New York City. Urban Studies. LSE

Research Online.

Mohamad Karmin Baruadi, Sunarty Suly Eraku, Novriyanto

Napu & Hendra. 2023. The Toponymy of Village Names

in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Theory and Practice in Language

Studies 13(4): 1016-1022.

Malak Alasli. 2019. Toponyms’ contribution to identity: the case

study of Rabat (Morocco). Proceedings of the International

Cartographic Association 2: 1-7.

Nagata, S. 2006. Subgroup ‘names’ of the Sakai (Thailand) and

the Semang (Malaysia): A literature survey. Anthropological

Science 114: 45-57.

Nurhayati. 2018. Toponymy and Branding of Modern

Residential Sites in Semarang.E3S Web of Conferences 73:

-4.

Parsudi Suparlan. 2000. Ethnicity and Nationality among the

Sakai: The Transformation of an Isolated Group into a Part

of Indonesian Society. Antropologi Indonesia 62: 56-75.

Porath, N. 2018. The orang Batin/orang Sakai in the Malay

Kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura. Asian Ethnology 77(17):

-305.

Radding, L. 2008. What’s in a Name? How toponyms connect

language and society through place. Syracuse University

Honors Program Capstone Projects. 541. https://surface.

syr.edu/honors_capstone/541.

Rammile, S.N. & Matamanda, R.A. 2022. A placed called home:

understanding toponyms. 58th Isocarp World Planning

Congress from Wealthy to Healthy Cities. 3-6 Oktober 2022,

Brussels, Belgium. 1-9.

Sukma Erni & Cut Raudhatul Miski. 2022. Lift-shifthing

phenomena of Sakai women in Riau. Journal Kafa’ah

(1): 72-81.

Tent, J. 2015. Approaches to research in toponymy. Names A

Journal of Onomastics 63(2): 65-74.

Totok Isdarwanto dan Zulfa. 2010. Suku Sakai dalam tiga

kekuasaan di Riau. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya 6(2): 1-11.

Tuan Pah Rokiah Syed Hussain, Devanamy S. Krishnasamy &

Asan Ali Golam Hassan. 2017. Distribution and demography

of the Orang Asli in Malaysia. International Journal of

Humanities and Social Science Invention 6(1): 40-45.

Ujang Komara, Cece Sobarna, Gugun Gunardi & Ahman Sya.

A linguistic study of toponymy and environmental

identity in Sundanese ethnic International Journal of

Innovation, Creativity and Change 8(3): 398-412.

Wahyu Fajar Nur Setyo, Chatarina Muryani & Nurhadi

Nurhadi. 2022. Toponymic and historiography influences

on placing naming of villages in Kego District, Indonesia.

rd International Conference of Geography and Education,

-100. DOI 10.18502/kss.v7i16.12155

Zuvalinyenga, D. & Alan Libert. 2019. An analysis of the

relationship between toponymy and a variety of historical

and cultural specificities in the discursive construction of

identity in a regional town in Zimbabwe. Journal of the

International Council of Onomastic (Onoma 54): 77-98.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 


ISSN 2289-1706 | e-ISSN : 2289-4268 

Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA

© Copyright UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia