Toponimi Sakai-Melayu di Riau (Sakai-Malay Toponyms in Riau)
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Toponimi ialah kajian saintifik tentang penamaan sesuatu tempat. Kajian toponimi bersifat rentas disiplin, yang melibatkan bidang linguistik, geografi, sejarah, budaya, sosial dan politik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyiasat etimologi dan mengklasifikasi nama tempat yang berkaitan dengan bahasa Sakai di Riau. Secara khusus, kawasan kajian tertumpu di Mandau dan Pinggir. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan toponimi deskriptif, yang tertumpu pada aspek geografi dan sejarah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan berdasarkan kaedah fotografi dan temu bual separa berstruktur. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa nama tempat di Riau menggunakan hukum D-M, misalnya Sungai Mandau dan Jalan Kayu Manis. Pola nama tempat di kawasan boleh dibahagikan kepada 4, iaitu bahasa Sakai, bahasa Melayu, bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Arab. Kategori toponimi terbahagi kepada dua, iaitu toponimi natural dan toponim ciptaan. Hasil kajian mendapati nama tempat di Riau cenderung menggunakan toponimi natural, yang berkaitan flora (Jalan Mawar, Sungai Sikai) dan fauna (Gajah Sakti), manakala toponimi ciptaan terdiri dari nama umum dan nama khusus. Nama umum merujuk kepada nama am, misalnya Jalan Rokan dan Jalan Damai. Nama khusus pula memilih nama komemoratif dan tokoh tempatan, misalnya Jalan Jenderal Sudirman dan Jalan Tambusai. Keseluruhannya, nama tempat di Riau cenderung menggunakan bahasa Sakai, yang banyak dipengaruhi alam sekitar.
Kata kunci: Etimologi; Bahasa Sakai; Riau; Toponimi Natural; Toponimi Ciptaan
ABSTRACT: Toponymy is the scientific study of place naming. It is an interdisciplinary field that involves linguistics, geography, history, culture, society, and politics. This study aims to investigate the etymology and classify place names related to the Sakai language in Riau. Specifically, the study focuses on the areas of Mandau and Pinggir. A descriptive toponymic approach is used, emphasizing geographical and historical aspects. Data collection was carried out through photography and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that place names in Riau follow the D-M rule, such as Sungai Mandau and Jalan Kayu Manis. The patterns of place names in the area can be divided into four different languages: Sakai, Malay, Javanese, and Arabic. Toponyms are categorized into two types: natural toponyms and created toponyms. The study found that place names in Riau tend to use natural toponyms, related to flora (Jalan Mawar, Sungai Sikai) and fauna (Gajah Sakti), while created toponyms consist of general and specific names. General names refer to common names, such as Jalan Rokan and Jalan Damai. Specific names include commemorative names and local figures, such as Jalan Jenderal Sudirman and Jalan Tambusai. Overall, place names in Riau tend to use the Sakai language, which is heavily influenced by the natural environment.
Keywords: Etymology; Sakai Language; Riau; Natural Taponymy; Manmade Toponymy
Keywords
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