Fiqh Al-Watan dan Legitimasi Islam Tempatan: Satu Kerangka Dekolonisasi (Fiqh al-Watan and the Legitimisation of Local Islam: A Decolonial Framework)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Artikel ini membincangkan gagasan fiqh al-watan sebagai suatu kerangka pemikiran dan tindakan untuk memulihkan legitimasi Islam tempatan yang semakin terhakis akibat daripada kolonialisme, dominasi pemikiran transnasional dan krisis institusi warisan yang telah lama berakar dalam struktur masyarakat Islam di Nusantara. Melalui kaedah analisis literatur, artikel ini mengemukakan bahawa fiqh al-watan bukan sekadar pendekatan hukum lokal yang bersifat teknikal, tetapi merupakan suatu strategi dekolonisasi yang menyeluruh. Strategi ini meliputi pelbagai aspek penting termasuk epistemologi ilmu, kerangka perundangan, institusi keagamaan, dan sistem nilai yang menjadi asas kepada pembinaan semula identiti dan pemikiran Islam yang lebih kontekstual serta autentik. Cadangan pelaksanaan kerangka fiqh al-watan turut dibentangkan secara sistematik merangkumi tiga komponen utama, iaitu prinsip asas yang menjunjung maqasid syariah dan maslahat tempatan, struktur tindakan yang bersifat praksis dan responsif terhadap realiti semasa, serta langkah institusionalisasi bagi memastikan kesinambungan dan keberkesanan dalam jangka panjang. Pendekatan ini dirumuskan untuk menanggapi pelbagai cabaran kontemporari, termasuk ancaman ekstremisme agama, kecenderungan sekularisme radikal, dan krisis kepercayaan terhadap institusi keagamaan. Artikel ini menyarankan bahawa gagasan fiqh al-watan ini mampu menjadi jalan tengah antara ekstremisme dan sekularisme, sekali gus mengharmonikan tuntutan agama dan keperluan kenegaraan dalam kerangka nilai-nilai tempatan yang berpaksikan sejarah, budaya dan adab Islam di rantau ini. Pendekatan ini mampu memberikan asas yang kukuh bagi pembentukan dasar agama dan negara yang lebih berteraskan realiti masyarakat Islam Nusantara.

Kata kunci: Fiqh al-Watan; Dekolonisasi; Hukum Kanun Pahang; Maqaṣid; Kolonialisme

ABSTRACT:This article discusses the idea of fiqh al-watan as a framework of thought and action to restore the legitimacy of local Islam which has been increasingly eroded as a result of colonialism, the dominance of transnational thought and the crisis of legacy institutions that have long been rooted in the structure of Islamic society in the archipelago. Through the method of literature analysis, this article proposes that fiqh al-watan is not just a technical local legal approach but is a comprehensive decolonization strategy. This strategy covers various important aspects including the epistemology of knowledge, legal framework, religious institutions, and value systems that form the basis for the reconstruction of a more contextual and authentic Islamic identity and thought. The proposal for the implementation of the fiqh al-watan framework is also presented systematically, comprising three main components, namely the basic principles that uphold the maqasid syariah and local maslahat, a structure of action that is pragmatic and responsive to current realities, and institutionalization measures to ensure continuity and effectiveness in the long term. This approach is formulated to respond to various contemporary challenges, including the threat of religious extremism, the tendency towards radical secularism, and a crisis of trust in religious institutions. This article suggests that the idea of fiqh al-watan can be a middle ground between extremism and secularism, thus harmonizing religious demands and state needs within a framework of local values that are centered on the history, culture, and Islamic manners in this region. This approach can provide a solid foundation for the formation of religious and state policies that are more based on the reality of the Islamic community of Nusantara.

Keywords: Fiqh al-Watan; Decolonization; Pahang Canon Law; Maqaṣid; Colonialism