Zakat as a Strategic Tool for Achieving Sustainable Development in the Sultanate of Oman: Towards Economic and Social Integration with Oman Vision 2040

Abstract

Zakat plays a vital role in wealth redistribution, social justice, and poverty alleviation within Islamic economies. In Oman, however, its utilization remains largely limited to short-term relief, with little integration into long-term development strategies. This study examines the potential of zakat as a tool for sustainable development, with a particular focus on its alignment with Oman Vision 2040. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a survey of 300 participants (zakat payers, beneficiaries, and committee members) with in-depth interviews involving six zakat committee officials, alongside analysis of official statistical data. Findings reveal that zakat contributes positively to household welfare, increasing average income by 18% and improving access to education and healthcare. Yet, only 15% of zakat funds are allocated to productive projects, limiting its transformative impact. Challenges such as the absence of centralized management, weak administrative capacity, and fragmented databases further hinder effectiveness.The study recommends establishing a national zakat authority, adopting digital platforms for transparency, and integrating zakat policies within national development plans. By drawing lessons from successful models in Malaysia and Algeria, the research underscores zakat’s potential to serve as a strategic driver of sustainable development in Oman.