Microcredit Berasaskan Dana Wakaf Tunai

Mohammad Zaini Yahaya, Amir Fazlim Jusoh@Yusoff, Muhammad Adib Samsudin

Abstract


Microcredit merupakan satu instrumen untuk membantu golongan yang kurang berkemampuan bagi meningkatkan taraf hidup mereka. China sebagai contoh telah berjaya muncul negara membangun pertama di dunia yang dapat mengurangkan kadar kemiskinan dunia sebanyak 70%. Namun, untuk mengupayakan penawaran microcredit, sesebuah organisasi yang terlibat memerlukan sumber yang kukuh. Antara sumber yang dikenalpasti ialah dana wakaf tunai. Wakaf lebih bersifat fleksibel berbandding zakat, namun ia juga memiliki batasan yang membezakannya daripada sedekah biasa. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian ekplorasi terhadap wakaf tunai terutama dari sudut hukum hakam fiqh dari sudut persyaratan pengekalan (ta’bid) aset wakaf tunai. Turut dianalisis konsep hutang tanpa faedah (al-qarḍ al-hasan) sebagai mekanisma pelaksanaan microcredit yang mempunyai risiko kegagalan pelunasan hutang. Kajian menggunakan kaedah kualitatif secara analisis dokumen terhadap kitab-kitab muktabar empat mazhab, buku dan artikel jurnal. Hasil kajian mendapati microcredit berasaskan dana wakaf tunai boleh dilaksanakan dengan mengunapakai akad hutang tanpa faedah (al-qarḍ al-hasan). Namun langkah-langkah sekuriti dalam penawaran perlu diambil berdasarkan keperluan sama ada melalui gadaian (al-rahn), potongan gaji, jaminan (kafalah) dan pelaburan aset wakaf tunai dalam nisbah yang tertentu dan digunakan hasil keuntungan untuk menampung kekurangan akibat kegagalan pembayaran balik hutang.

Keywords


Microcredit, wakaf tunai, al-qarḍ al-hasan, ta’bid, pembasmian kemiskinan

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26475/jcil.v10i2.94210

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