THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FREE AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT AND OPEN ROOF VENTILATIO GREENHOUSE SYSTEMS IN A STUDY OF MEALWORM BEETLE, Tenebrio molitor L. (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)

NUR HASYIMAH RAMLI, NOR ATIKAH ABDUL RAHIM, SALMAH YAAKOP

Abstract


Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an insect storage pest that has been used as a subject in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) research. The aim of this study is to determine the importance of conducting insect-related studies, especially on T. molitor under a Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) System and Open Roof Ventilation Greenhouse System (ORVS). FACE system provides a natural microclimate and biotic interactions, while ORVS is an artificial environment with regulation of its environmental parameters. More accurate comparisons can be made to the results obtained under the similar environmental factors including elevated CO2 concentration. Based on the results, the mortality time of T. molitor adults in ORVS (5-6 weeks) is the fastest, followed by FACE (9-10 weeks) and RR as a control (11-12 weeks). The highest significant time difference shows by the last adult individual dead is between ORVS versus RR is 6 weeks. Therefore, mortality rate of T. molitor adult and their life span are directly proportional to the elevated CO2 concentration. It is shows that the higher concentration of CO2, with faster mortality rate and shorter the life span of the adults. Since the study of insects using both systems is still limited, the data from this preliminary study can be used as reference for future research.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ainsworth, E.A. & Long, S.P. 2005. What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A metaanalytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytologist 165: 351–372.

Albright, L., Both, A.J. & Chiu, A.J. 2000. Controlling greenhouse light to consistent daily integral. Transactions of the ASAE 43(2): 421–431.

Albright, L.D. 2002. Controlling greenhouse environments. Proceedings IS on Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses, pp. 47-54.

Annis, P.C. 1987. Towards rational controlled atmosphere dosage schedules: a review of current knowledge. Proceeding 4th International Working Conference of Stored Product Protection, pp. 128–48.

Boulard, T. & Draoui, B. 1995. Natural ventilation of a greenhouse with continuous roof vents: measurements and data analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Engineering Research 61: 27-36.

Bousquet, Y. 1990. Beetles Associated with Stored Products in Canada: An Identification Guide. Ottawa: Research Branch Agriculture Canada.

Cannon, R.J.C. 1998. The implications of predicted climate change for insect pests in the UK with emphasis on nonindigenous species. Global Change Biology 4: 785– 796.

Denman, K.L., Brasseur, G., Chidthaisong, A., Ciais, P., Cox, P.M., Dickinson, R.E., Hauglustaine, D., Heinze, C., Holland, E., Jacob, D., Lohmann, U., Ramachandran, S., da Silva Dias, P.L., Wofsy, S.C., & Zhang, X. 2007. Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry. In Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M. & Miller, H.L. (Eds). “Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change”, pp. 511-539. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Goverde, M. & Erhardt, A. 2003. Effects of elevated CO2 on development and larval food-preference in the butterfly Coenonympha pamphius (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). Global Change Biology 9: 74–83.

Guerenstein, P.G. & Hildebrand, J.G. 2008. Roles and effects of environmental carbon dioxide in insect life. Annual Review of Entomology 53: 161–178.

Harmanto, Tantau, H.J. & Salokhe, V.M. 2006. Influence of insect screens with different mesh sizes on ventilation rate and microclimate of greenhouses in the humid tropics. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Ejournal 8: 1–18.

Hendrey, G.R., Ellsworth, D.S., Lewin, K.F. & Nagy, J. 1993. A free air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO2. Global Change Biology 5: 293–309.

Houghton, J.T., Callander, B.A. & Varney, S.K. 1992. Climate Change 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

IPCC. 2007. IPCC Summary for Policymakers, Climate Change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Kellomaki, S., Wang, K.Y. & Lemettinen, M. 2000. Controlled environment chambers for investigating tree response to elevated CO2 and temperature under boreal conditions. Photosynthetica 38(1): 69-81.

Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J., Wall, G.W., Garcia, R.L., LaMorte, R.L., Jak, P.M.C., Frumau, K.F.A. & Vugts, H.F. 1997. Comparisons of responses of vegetation to elevated carbon dioxide in free-air and open-top chamber facilities. In: Allen, L.H., Kirkham, M.B., Olszyk, D.M., & Whitman, C.E. (Eds.). Advances in Carbon Dioxide Effects Research, p. 113-130. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America.

Kittas, C., Katsoulas, N. & Bartzanas, T. 2005. Effect of vents’ opening and insect screen on greenhouse ventilation. International Conference “Passive and Low Energy Cooling for the Built Environment”, pp. 59-64.

Kopper, B.J. & Lindroth, R.L. 2003. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the phytochemistry of aspen and performance of an herbivore. Oecologia 134: 95–103.

Machacova, K. 2010. Open top chamber and free air CO2 enrichment - approaches to investigate tree responses to elevated CO2. iForest 3: 102-105.

Mbata, G.N., Hetz, S.K., Reichmuth, C. & Adler, C. 2000. Tolerance of pupae and pharate adults of Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to modified atmospheres: a function of metabolic rate. Journal of Insect Physiology 46: 145–151.

Miglietta, F., Peressotti, A., Vaccari, F.P., Zaldei, A., Deangelis, G.P. & Scarascia-Mugnozza. 2001. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) of a poplar plantation: the POPFACE fumigation system. New Phytologist 150: 465–476.

Nur Hasyimah, R. & Yaakop, S. 2018. Morphological changes on development of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Rearing Room System, Free Air CO2 Enrichment System and Open Roof Ventilation System. AIP Conference Proceedings Vol. 1940, pp. 20048.

Nur Hasyimah, R., Nor Atikah, A.R., Halim, M., Muhaimin, A.M.D., Nizam, M.S., Hanafiah, M.M. & Yaakop, S. 2018. CO2 effects on larval development and genetics of mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in two different CO2 systems. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 16(2): 1749–1766.

Ohyama, K., Kozai, T., Ishigami, Y., Ohno, Y., Ochi, Y. & Toida, H. 2005. A CO2 Control System for a Greenhouse with a High Ventilation Rate. Proceeding IC on Greensys, pp. 649-654.

Ofuya, T. I. & Reichmuth, C. 2002. Effect of relative humidity on susceptibility of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to two modified atmospheres. Journal of Stored Products Research 38: 139–146.

Pinter, P.J., Kimball, B.A., Wall, G.W., LaMorte, R.L., Hunsaker, D.J., Adamsen, F.J., Frumau, K.F.A., Vugts, H.R., Hendrey, G.R., Lewin, K.F., Nagy, J., Johnson, H.B., Wechsung, F., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Matthias, A.D. & Brooks, T.J. 2000. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE): Blower effects on wheat canopy microclimate and plant development. Agricultural Forest Meteorology 103: 319–333.

Sanchez-Guerrero, M.C., Lorenzo, P., Medrano, E., Castilla, N., Soriano, T. & Baille, A. 2005. Effect of variable CO2 enrichment on greenhouse production in mild winter climates. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 132: 244252.

Scherber, C., David, J.G., Karen, S., Rune, J.K., Inger, K.S., Anders, M., Kristian, R.A., Klaus, S.L., Teis, N.M., Claus, B. & Soren, C. 2013. Multi-factor climate change effects on insect herbivore performance. Ecology and Evolution 3(6): 1449-1460.

Siemianowska, E., Kosewska, A., Aljewicz, M., Skibniewska, K.A., Polak-Juszczak, L., Jarocki, A. & Jedras, M. 2013. Larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as European novel food. Agricultural Science 4(6): 287-291.

Spahni, R., Chappellaz, J., Stocker, T.F., Loulergue, L., Hausammann, G., Kawamura, K., Flückiger, J., Schwander, J., Raynaud, D., Masson-Delmotte, V. & Jouzel, J. 2005. Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide of the late Pleistocene from Antarctic ice cores. Science 310: 1317-1321.

Spratt, E., Dignan, G. & Banks, H.J. 1985. The effects of high concentrations of carbon dioxide in air on Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Stored Product Research 21:41– 46.

Vanaja, M., Maheswari, M., Ratnakumar, P. & Ramakrishna, Y.S. 2006. Monitoring and controlling of CO2 concentrations in open top chambers for understanding of plants response to elevated CO2 levels. Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics 35: 193-197.

Von Felten, S., Hättenschwiler, S., Saurer, M. & Siegwolf, R. 2007. Carbon allocation in shoots of alpine treeline conifers in a CO2 enriched environment. Trees 21: 283294.

Zhou, S., Criddle, R.S. & Mitcham, E.J. 2001. Metabolic response of Platynota stultana pupae under and after extended treatment with elevated CO2 and reduced O2 concentrations. Journal of Insect Physiology 47: 401– 409.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.