KUALITI AIR DAN KEPELBAGAIAN MAKROINVERTEBRAT BENTIK, DI SUNGAI DURIAN PERANGIN, PULAU LANGKAWI, KEDAH, MALAYSIA
Abstract
Tahap kualiti air dan kepelbagaian makroinvertebrat bentik telah dikenalpasti di Sungai Durian Perangin Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia. Sebanyak lima stesen pensampelan dengandua replikasi telah diambil bagi persampelan air dan tiga replikasi bagi pensampelan makroinvertebrat bentik. Parameter kualiti air oksigen terlarut (DO), pH, kelajuan arus, kekonduksian dan suhu diukur secara in situ dengan menggunakan meter YSI 556. Parameter fiziko-kimia seperti permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD5), permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) dan jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS) telah dianalisis secara ex-situ di makmal. Analisis kualiti air dijalankan dengan merujuk kepada kaedah APHA dan HACH. Pensampelan makroinvertebrat bentik dijalankan menggunakan jaring Surber dan sampel kajian diawet serta dikenalpasti sehingga ke taksa famili. Penilaian kualiti air dijalankan dengan merujuk kepada Standard Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (NWQS) dan Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI). Hasil analisis menunjukkan Sungai Durian Perangin berada dalam kelas I hingga II (NWQS) dan indeks 93 bagi WQI yang membawa maksud kondisi yang baik. Sebanyak 1844 individu makroinvertebrat bentik dengan 30 famili dari sembilan order berjaya dikenalpasti. Order Ephemeroptera mewakili 52% dari keseluruhan sampel dan famili Baetidae dari order yang sama mendominasi sebanyak 33.5% daripada keseluruhan sampel kajian. Skor indeks kepelbagaian Shannon menunjukkan Sungai Durian Perangin berada pada kualiti ekosistem yang bersih dengan nilai indeks di antara 1.39 kepada 2.25. Ujian ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang bermakna bagi parameter DO, TSS dan pH (p< 0.05) di antara stesen pensampelan. Analisis korelasi-Pearson pula menunjukkan kepelbagaian makroinvertebrat bentik mempunyai hubungan korelasi positif sederhana dengan parameter kualiti air dan (r= 0.4, p<0.05). Secara keseluruhannya, terdapat pegaruh faktor kimia air dan fizikal persekitaran terhadap kehadiran makroinvertebrat bentik dalam kajian ini. Analisis CCA menunjukkanpasir mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap sebaran famili dominan iaitu Baetidae. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa dalam ekosistem air yang bersih, pengaruh persekitaran habitat juga perlu diambil kira bagi melihat kepelbagaian sebaran makroinvertebrat bentik.
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