EFFECTS OF ZINGIBERACEAE BASED BOTANICAL PESTICIDES BIOPESTICIDES AND DELTAMETHRIN INSECTICIDE TO THE ACTIVITIES OF COCOA BLACK ANTS, Dolichoderus thoracicus (SMITH)
Abstract
Cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella is is the most devastating pest responsible for the decline of cocoa production in Southeast Asia. Several control methods have been implemented to reduce the impact of C. cramerella including application of the botanical pesticides. Hence, very few reports on the botanical pesticide and insecticide effect on the beneficial insect associated with cocoa ecosystems had been reported in Malaysia. This study investigates the effect of botanical pesticide and insecticide on the cocoa black ants (CBA), Dolichoderus thoracicus, a biological control agent against the C. cramerella. Four Zingiberaceae based botanical pesticides formulations were applied: Alpinia galanga F1, A. galanga F2, Zingiber officinale F1, Z. officinale F2 with insecticide (a.i deltamethrin), and water as control treatment. The introduction of artificial ant nests stuffed with dry cocoa leaves was carried out with two different fields observation with six replicates. The acoustic strength in decibel (dB) of D. thoracicus population was observed for 60-days at three intervals; natural sound, 5-seconds, and 30-seconds after minor disturbance of the nests. Results denoted that D. thoracicus actively moves into the nests started to increase from day-10. The highest activity was observed in day-60 (60.139 a) and significantly different (p < 0.05) from the first 30 days of observation. Zingiber officinale and A. galanga formulations performed better than deltamethrin, regarding the D. thoracicus activities. The decibel derived from ecoacoustic sound showed almost similar results between treatments and suggested the stability of D. thoracicus population between treated and non-treated nests. The results suggest the artificial ant nests constructed with treated dry cocoa leaves either with Zingiberaceae formulations or insecticide may have less effect to the activity of D. thoracicus. The Zingiberaceae based botanical pesticide is safe for beneficial insects of cocoa at a lower dose, and can be applied for D. thoracicus population built-up strategies in the future.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aflitto, N.C. & Hofstetter, R.W. 2013. Use of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree materials. Pest Management Science 70: 1808-1814.
Ahmad Saleh, Wan Mohd Hafezul Wan Abdul Ghani, Abu Hassan Ahmad, Che Salmah Md Rawi and Hasber Salim, 2020. Boosting cocoa blackant (Dolichoderus thoracicus) (Smith) (hymenoptera:formicidae) population using artificial nests. Journal of Entomology 17: 110-116.
Aide, T.M., Hernandez-Serna, A., Campos-Cerqueira, M., Acevedo-Charry, O. & Deichmann, J.L. 2017. Species richness (of insects) drives the use of acoustic space in the tropics. Remote Sensing 9 (1096): 1-12.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D. & Idaomar, M. 2008. Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(2): 446-475.
Bateman, R. 2015. Pesticide Use in Cocoa. A Guide for Training Administrative and Research Staff. 3rd Edition. London: International Cocoa Organization (ICCO).
Bilski, P., Bobiński, P., Krajewski, A. & Witomski, P. 2017. Detection of wood boring insects’ larvae based on the acoustic signal analysis and the artificial intelligence algorithm. Archives of Acoustics 42(1): 61–70.
Chiu, Y.K., Mankin, R.W. & Lin, C.C. 2011. Context dependent stridulatory responses of Leptogenys kitteli (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to social, prey, and disturbance stimuli. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 104:1012-1020.
Entwistle, P.F. 1972. Pests of Cocoa. UK: Longman.
Franks, N.R., Hardcastle, K.A., Collins, S., Smith, F.D., Sullivan, M.E., Robinson, E.J.H. & Sendova-Franks, A.B. 2008. Can ant colonies choose a far-and-away better nest over an in-the way poor one? Animal Behavior 7(2): 323-334.
Ganchev, T., Potamitis, I. & Fakotakis, N. 1988. Acoustic monitoring of singing insects.In Proceedings of Acaustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP-88).
Geng, S., Zhang, X. & Zhao, W. 2017. Detection and analysis of the stored grain insect creeping sound. IOP Conference series: Materials Science and Engineering 2422: 1-6.
Katagi, T. 2004. Photodegradation of pesticides on plant and soil surfaces. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 182: 1-78.
Koul, O., Walia, S. & Dhaliwal, G. 2008. Essential oils as green pesticides: Potential and constraints. Biopesticide International 4: 63-84.
Lee, C.H., Kelvin, L., Haya, R., Navies, M. & Saripah, B. 2013. Cocoa Planting Manual. Sustainable Cocoa. Kota Kinabalu: Malaysian Cocoa Board.
Lee, C.H., Albert, L.S.C., Soetikno, S.S., Jeremy, N.C.K., Ramle, K., Sabariah, S. & Haya, R. 2014. Manual Latihan Keselamatan Koko: Pembangunan Modal Insan dan Perkongsian Pengetahuan dalam Piawaian Sanitari dan Fitosanitari (SPS) Koko di Asia Tenggara. Sabah: Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu.
Llusia, D., Marquez, R. & Bowker, R. 2011. Terrestrial sound monitoring systems, a methodology for quantitative calibration. Bioacoustics 20: 277-286.
Mankin, R.W., Hagstrum, D.W., Smith, M.T., Roda, A L. & Kairo, M.T.K. 2011. Perspective and promise: A century of insect acoustic detection and monitoring. American Entomologist 57: 30-44.
McMahon, P., Husing, P., Lambert, S., Mulia, S., Nurlaila., Susilo, A.W., Sulistyowati, E., Sukamto, S., Israel, M., Saftar, A., Amir, A., Purwantara, A., Iswanto, A., Guest, D. & Keane, P. 2015. Testing local cocoa selections in three provinces in Sulawesi: (i) Productivity and resistance to cocoa pod borer and Phytophtora pod rot (black pod). Crop Protection 70: 28-39.
Mediene, S., Valantin-Morison, M., Sarthou, J.P., de Tourdonnet, S., Gosme, M., Bertrand, M., Roger-Estrade, J., Aubertot, J.N., Rusch, A., Motisi, N., Pelosi, C. & Dore, T. 2011. Agroecosystem management and biotic interactions: A review. Agronomy Sustainable Development 31:491–514.
Mizrach, A., Hetzroni, A., Mazor, M., Mankin, R.W., Ignat, T., Grinshpun, J., Epsky, N.D., Shuman, D. & Heath, R. R. 2005. Acoustic trap for female mediterranean fruit flies. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 48(5): 2017–2022.
Mouysset, L., Doyen, L. & Jiguet, F. 2013. How does economic risk aversion affect biodiversity. Ecological Applications 23(1): 96-109.
Parkash, A. & Rao, J. 1997. Botanical Pesticides In Agriculture. Boca Raton: CRC Luis Publication.
Pavela, R. & Benelli, G. 2016. Essential oils as ecofriendly biopesticides? Challenges and constraints. Trends in Plant Science 21 (12): 1000-1007.
Prowse, G.M., Galloway, T.S., & Foggo, A. 2006. Insecticidal activity of garlic juice in two dipteran pests. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 8: 1-6.
Riede, K. 1993. Monitoring biodiversity: Analysis of Amazonian rainforest sounds. Ambio 22: 546-548.
Rosdiyani, M., Ismail, A.R. & Siti Noor Hajjar, M.L. 2016. Efficacy and persistence of neem in emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation against the golden apple snail. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) 2(9): 99-107.
Saripah, B., Noor Hajjar, M.L.S., Alias, A. & Zhang, A. 2019a. Pupation preference of Conopomorpha Cramerella (Snellen) after treated with Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa and Alpinia galanga essential oils. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14: 6150-6155.
Saripah, B., Noor Hajjar, M.L.S., Alias, A. & Zhang, A. 2019b. Inhibitory effect of Zingiberaceae essential oils against Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University 17(3): 349-354.
Saripah Bakar, M.L.S. Noor Hajjar, Alias, A. & Zhang, A. 2017. Effects of Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa and Alpinia galanga essential oils on the morphological characteristic of Cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 9 (6S): 25-38.
Saripah, B., Alias, A. & Azhar. I. 2017. Mosquito bug in Technical guidelines for the safe movement of cacao germplasm. Revised from the FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines No. 20 (Third Update, October 2017). In End, M.J., Daymond, A.J. & Hadley, P. (eds.). Global Cacao Genetic Resources Network (CacaoNet), pp. 73-76. Rome, Italy: Bioversity International.
Saripah, B. 2014a. Sustaining cocoa black ant Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) using artificial nest in the cocoa ecosystem. Malaysian Cocoa Journal 8: 23-30.
Saripah, B. 2014b. Control of CPB using insecticides and Cocoa black ants. Malaysian Cocoa Journal 8: 14-22.
Saripah, B. & Azhar, I. 2007. Handling of cocoa black ants as a biological control agent against cocoa pod borer in monococoa ecosystem. In Proceedings 2007 Conference on Plantation Commodities, pp 48-54.
Sirirungsa, P. 1998. Thai zingiberaceae: Species diversity and their uses. Pure Application Chemical 70: 98-110.
Sirirungsa, P., Larsen, K. & Maknoi, C. 2007. The Genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae): Distribution and classification with reference to species diversity in Thailand. Gardens Bulletin Singapore 59 (1&2): 203-220.
Stoate, C., Boatman, N.D., Borralho, R.J., Carvalho, C.R., de Snoo, G.R. & Eden, P. 2001. Ecological impacts of arable intensification in Europe. Journal of Environmental Management 63: 337-365.
Sueur, J., Pavoine, S., Hamerlynck, O. & Duvail, S. 2008. Rapid acoustic survey for biodiversity appraisal. PLoS One 3:e4065.
Sundaram, K.M.S., Campbell, R., Sloane, L. & Studens, J. 1995. Uptake, translocation, persistence and fate of azadirachtin in aspen plants (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and its effect on pestiferous two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Journal of Crop Protection 14 (5): 415-421.
Tripathi, A., Prajapati, V., Verma, N., Bahl, J., Bansal, R. & Khanuja, S. 2002. Bioactivities of the leaf essential oil of Curcuma longa (var. ch-66) on three species of stored-product beetles (Coleoptera). Journal of Economical Entomology 95: 183-189.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.