EFFECT OF REFUGIA PLANTS Tagetes erecta AND Zinnia sp. ON RICE STEM BORER INFESTATION AND EGG PARASITOID EMERGENCE

Satrio Joko Wibowo, Asmanizar Asmanizar, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Yunita Yunita

Abstract


Rice stem borer is an important pest of rice. Damage intensity and yield loss can reach about 90% and 30%, respectively. The concept of sustainable agriculture needs to be applied in controlling this pest by agro-ecosystem engineering through planting refugia plants. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Tagetes erecta and Zinnia sp. as refugia plants in rice plants on the damage caused by rice stem borers and the emergence of egg parasitoids. This study used a Split Plots Design, the main plots were types of refugia plants i.e. T. erecta, Zinnia sp. and without refugia plants (control). The sub plots were rice varieties i.e., Ciherang and Inpari 32. Rice was planted in a plot size 4 m x 7 m and the refugia plants were planted along side of the rice plots. There were four replications in this study. The results showed that the percentage of rice clumps infested by rice stem borer was difference significantly caused by types of refugia plants at 6 weeks after planting (F=44.46; df=2,6; P<0.05) and 11 weeks after planting (F=27.38; df=2,6; P<0.05). Percentage of rice clumps infested by rice stem borers was higher in the control treatment (22.50 and 19.17% respectively) at 6 and 11 weeks after planting (WAP) compared to the refugia treatment of T. erecta was 4.17% at 6 and 11 WAP. There was 2.5% rice clump infested stem borer at 6 WAP and no clump rice infested at 11 WAP at rice plot with Zinnia sp. as refugia treatment. The number of emerging egg parasitoids was significantly higher from stem borer eggs obtained from rice plants surrounded by refugia plants compared to stem borer eggs obtained from rice plants without refugia plants (F = 6.938; df = 2.6; P<0.05). The number of parasitoids emerged from stem borer eggs obtained from rice with refugia T. erecta and Zinnia sp. was an average of 37.50 and 43.88 parasitoids, significantly more than the control treatment which was an average of 17.88 parasitoids. Meanwhile, Ciherang and Inpari 32 varieties generally showed responses that were not significantly different of parasitoids number (F=0.22; df=1,9; P>0.05). The parasitoid that emerged from stem borer eggs was Telenomus sp. The present study showed that the refugia plants T. erecta and Zinnia sp. are the promising candidate as refugia plants to control rice stem borer.

 


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