RHAMNOLIPID BIOSURFACTANT AS A POTENTIAL BIOPESTICIDE TO CONTROL TERMITE, Coptotermes curvignathus HOLMGREN (BLATTODEA: RHINOTERMITIDAE)
Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the efficacy of rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2, towards a termite species, Coptotermes curvignathus. Coptotermes curvignathus was collected from UPM urban areas and reared in laboratory. Rhamnolipid biosurfactant was produced in P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 fermentation using mineral salts medium supplemented with waste cooking oil in a stirred tank bioreactor. Eight different concentrations of the compound were tested against C. curvignathus; 5% (T1), 10% (T2), 20% (T3), 30% (T4), 40% (T5), 50% (T6), 75% (T7), 100% (T8) and fipronil as positive control (T9). The wood-soak bioassay was used for all treatments, each with three replicates, and termite mortality was assessed based on immobility. In general, fipronil showed the highest efficacy towards C. curvignathus with 92.12% of mortality at DAT1, compared to rhamnolipid biosurfactant with 100% of the compound (T8) only resulted on 16.36% of mortality. However, the mortality rate of the species increased tremendously after treated by rhamnolipid at DAT2 with T8 and T7 recorded 67.27% and 66.06% of mortality rate, respectively. As of DAT 3, T8 has recorded 96% of the mortality, followed by T7 (95.15%), T6 (94.55%) and T5 (93.33%). At DAT4, all treatments except T1 caused on 100% of mortality. The LC50 for rhamnolipid biosurfactant was 17.68% at DAT 2, and reduced to 2.30% at DAT3 and 0.29% at DAT4. During the similar periods, the LC90 of rhamnolipid biosurfactant ranged between 2122.89% and 18.82% at DAT2 and DAT 4, respectively. In conclusion, the compound at different concentrations were lethal to the termite species and the period taken to control the termite was a good indicator that it had a high potential to be used as termiticide due it delays effect which is important in termite control and management.
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