SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FRUIT-FEEDING BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN THE DUKU PLANTATION AREA, SOUTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

Astrid Sri Wahyuni Sumah, Ali Alamsyah Kusumadinata

Abstract


Duku (Lansium domesticum Corr.) is an important fruit crop in South Sumatra, where farmers frequently observe fruit-feeding butterflies during the fruiting season. Because butterflies respond sensitively to environmental changes, they are often used as indicators of plantation health. However, despite the crop's economic importance, the diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies in duku plantations remains poorly documented. Fruit-feeding butterflies, particularly members of the family Nymphalidae, are often observed in duku plantations during the fruiting season. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies in duku plantation areas and examine the relationship between butterfly diversity and environmental factors, including temperature, light intensity, humidity, and wind speed. Observations were conducted using the scan sampling method at various observation periods, specifically before, during, and after the harvest period. The results showed that 33 species and 284 individual butterflies were recorded in the duku plantation. The highest numbers of species and individuals were recorded during the third observation period (25 species and 84 individuals), which occurred after the harvest period and at the beginning of the dry season. The butterfly diversity value (H′ = 3.26) in the plantation was high (H′ > 3), and the species evenness value was below 1, indicating an uneven distribution of individuals among species, particularly Mycalesis janardana (35 individuals). Statistically, temperature (P = 0.661) and light intensity (P = 0.565) showed the strongest relationships with butterfly abundance among the environmental parameters examined, although the relationships were not statistically significant. The results of this study provide baseline information on fruit-feeding butterfly diversity in duku plantations and contribute to understanding their potential role in maintaining the ecological balance of duku plantation ecosystems.

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