Keusahawanan adalah merupakan satu inisiatif penting negara bagi mengatasi masalah pengangguran di samping meningkatkan ekonomi negara. Salah satu usaha kerajaan dalam menerapkan keusahawanan di kalangan golongan belia adalah melalui penerapan pendidikan keusahawanan dalam Pendidikan Latihan Teknik dan Vokasional (TVET). Namun, isu yang seringkali menjadi pedebatan adalah apakah elemen dan bagaimanakah penerapan pendidikan keusahawanan ini dapat dilaksanakan dengan berkesan. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini akan membincangkan pengenalpastian elemen pendidikan keusahawanan dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan keusahawanan Program Latihan Kemahiran TVET melalui analisis terhadap cabaran dan permasalahan pelaksanaan pendidikan keusahawanan berdasarkan kajian-kajian terdahulu. Kajian literatur penerokaan dengan melibatkan sebanyak 780 artikel yang diperolehi daripada enjin carian Scopus dan Google Scholar pada 9 September 2022 yang lalu. Berdasarkan analisa meta, terdapat 4 elemen utama telah dikenalpasti iaitu kurikulum, kompetensi, proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran serta sokongan kerjaya keusahawanan. Setiap elemen utama tersebut mempunyai sub elemen masing-masing dan semua elemen tersebut saling berhubungan di antara satu sama lain. Semua elemen yang terhasil ini adalah merupakan keperluan asas yang penting dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan keusahawanan yang berkesan di kalangan Program Latihan Kemahiran TVET.

Kata kunci: TVET; pendidikan keusahawanan; keusahawanan; analisis meta; elemen

Abstract: Entrepreneurship is an important initiative of the country to overcome the problem of unemployment as well as to boost the country's economy. One of the government's efforts in inculcating entrepreneurship among the youth is through the application of entrepreneurial education in Technical and Vocational Training Education (TVET). However, the issue that is often a concern is the elements and how this entrepreneurial education can be implemented effectively. In this regard, this article will discuss the identification of elements of entrepreneurial education in the implementation of entrepreneurship education TVET Skills Training Program through analysis of the challenges and problems of the implementation of entrepreneurial education based on previous studies. A well-organized exploration study involving 780 articles obtained from search engines Scopus and Google Scholar on 9 September 2022. Based on the meta-analysis, four key elements have been identified: curriculum, competency, teaching, learning process, and entrepreneurial career support. Each of those critical elements has its sub-elements, which are intertwined with each other. All these resulting elements are essential in the implementation of effective entrepreneurial education among TVET Skills Training Programmes.

Keywords: TVET; entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurship; meta-analysis; element

References

Aamir, S., Atsan, N. F., & Erdem, A. F. (2019). A review of entrepreneurship education research in the special issues of Education + Training journal. Education + Training, 61(9), 1078-1099. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-02-2019-0027

Ab Halim, F. B., Barliana, M. S., Ilhamdaniah, I., Mulyadi, Y., Salira, A. B., Muktiarni, M., Sari, A. R., & Muda, W. H. N. B. W. (2021). TVET Teaching Strategy during COVID-19: A comparative study of Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(4), 28-41.

Ab Rashid, A. H., Mupit, D. S., & Rahim, M. A. (2018). Kecenderungan pelajar terhadap keusahawanan di Kolej Komuniti Segamat 2. BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences, 1(3), 31-42.

Abd Samad, N., Wan Ahmad, W. M. R., Sern, L. C., Harun, H., Awang, H., & Mohd Noor, S. N. F. (2018). Exploring domains and elements for behavioural competency and employability skills. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 10(1), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2018.10.01.007

Abdul Muqsith, A. (2018). Pembangunan model ENi berasaskan aktiviti inkuiri bagi program latihan kemahiran kejuruteraan Institut Latihan Kemahiran Malaysia [Tesis Ijazah Kedoktoran, Universiti Malaya]. http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/8981/

Adeniyi, A. O., Derera, E., & Gamede, V. (2022). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy for entrepreneurial readiness in a developing context: A survey of exit level students at TVET institutions in Nigeria. SAGE Open, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221095059

Aggarwal, A., & Shrivastava, U. (2021). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: Impact of environments on high school students' intentions. Education + Training, 63(7/8), 1073-1091. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-07-2020-0206

Ali, I., Ali, M., & Badghish, S. (2019). Symmetric and asymmetric modeling of entrepreneurial ecosystem in developing entrepreneurial intentions among female university students in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(4), 435-458. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijge-02-2019-0039

Alias, H., & Ismail, A. (2021). Pembangunan atribut keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar Kolej Vokasional Kpm: Sasaran dan strategi pelaksanaan. JuPiDi: Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 8(3), 18-37.

Alias, N. (2021). Entrepreneurship skills in the curriculum of a selected vocational college in Selangor. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(5), 1911-1922. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.2272

Alias, N., & Abdul Rahim, F. (2019). The impact of service learning on students’ social skill. Proceedings of the Inspirational Scholar Symposium (ISS), ICC Hatyai, Thailand.

Annisa, D. N., Tentama, F., & Bashori, K. (2021). The role of family support and internal locus of control in entrepreneurial intention of vocational high school students. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.20934

Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616

Asikainen, E., & Tapani, A. (2021). Exploring the connections of education for sustainable development and entrepreneurial education—A case study of vocational teacher education in Finland. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111887

Awang, A. H., Hamzah, A., Uli, J., Ahmad, A., & Ismail, R. (2007). Program latihan kemahiran: Perbandingan kos, kebolehpasaran dan pendapatan pelatih. International Journal of Management Studies (IJMS), 14(1), 212-244.

Bell, R., & Bell, H. (2020). Applying educational theory to develop a framework to support the delivery of experiential entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27(6), 987-1004. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-01-2020-0012

Bell, R., & Liu, P. (2019). Educator challenges in the development and delivery of constructivist active and experiential entrepreneurship classrooms in Chinese vocational higher education. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(2), 209-227. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-01-2018-0025

Bergner, S. (2020). Being smart is not enough: Personality traits and vocational interests incrementally predict intention, status and success of leaders and entrepreneurs beyond cognitive ability. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00204

Bolzani, D., & Luppi, E. (2020). Assessing entrepreneurial competences: insights from a business model challenge. Education + Training, 63(2), 214-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-04-2020-0072

Charrón Vías, M., & Rivera-Cruz, B. (2019). Fostering innovation and entrepreneurial culture at the business school: A competency-based education framework. Industry and Higher Education, 34(3), 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422219895209

Chen, B., Liu, Y., & Zheng, J. (2022). Using data mining approach for student satisfaction with teaching quality in high vocation education. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 746558. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.746558

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.com.my/books?id=335ZDwAAQBAJ

Fejes, A., Nylund, M., & Wallin, J. (2019). How do teachers interpret and transform entrepreneurship education? Journal of Curriculum Studies, 51(4), 554-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2018.1488998

Furdui, A., Lupu-Dima, L., & Edelhauser, E. (2021). Implications of entrepreneurial intentions of Romanian secondary education students, over the Romanian business market development. Processes, 9(4), Artikel 665. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040665

Galvão, A., Ferreira, J. J., & Marques, C. (2018). Entrepreneurship education and training as facilitators of regional development: A systematic literature review. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(1), 17-40. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-05-2017-0178

Galvão, A., & Marques, C. S. (2018). Antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions among students in vocational training programmes. Education + Training, 60(7/8), 719-734. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-03-2017-0034

Gamede, B. T., & Uleanya, C. (2017). The role of entrepreneurship education in secondary schools at Further education and training phase. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 23(2), 1-12.

Gamede, B. T., & Uleanya, C. (2019a). Factors impacting entrepreneurship education in TVET colleges: A case of South Africa. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(3).

Gamede, B. T., & Uleanya, C. (2019b). Impact of entrepreneurship education on business organisations. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(2), 528-2651-22-2-304.

Ganefri, G., Hidayat, H., Kusumaningrum, I., & Mardin, A. (2017). Needs analysis of entrepreneurships pedagogy of technology and vocational education with production base learning approach in higher education. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 7(5), 1701-1707. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.7.5.1510

Hamisu, M. A., Salleh, K. M., Sern, L. C., Adamu, B. Y., & Gambo, K. (2017). Proposed competency model for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) lecturers teaching in Technical Colleges, Bauchi State in perspective. Traektoriâ Nauki= Path of Science, 3(9), 5001-5009. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.26-7

Hassan, S. C., Hassan, N. C., Daud, S. M., & Karim, A. A. (2020). Tahap kesediaan keusahawanan pelajar di Institusi Pendidikan Teknikal dan Latihan Vokasional (TVET) di Hulu Langat. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(3), 95-107.

Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Long, Z., Xu, D., & Zhu, R. (2021). How to improve entrepreneurship education in "double high-level plan" higher vocational colleges in China. Front Psychol, 12, 743997. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743997

Hunter, L., & Lean, J. (2018). Entrepreneurial learning – a social context perspective: Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(4), 609-627. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2017-0075

Iacobucci, D., & Micozzi, A. (2012). Entrepreneurship education in Italian universities: Trend, situation and opportunities. Education+ Training, 54(8/9), 673-696. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911211274828

Ibrahim, W. N. A., Asimiran, S., Abdullah, A., & Yusop, Z. (2022). A thematic review on the pattern on trends on entrepreneurial research in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) from 2010 to 2020. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(2), 3420-3433.

Iipinge, S. M., & Shimpanda, A. M. (2021). Entrepreneurship education in Namibia: A study of tertiary education classroom practices. Industry and Higher Education, 36(1), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222211007744

Ismail, M. Z., & Ahmad, S. Z. (2013). Entrepreneurship education: An insight from Malaysian polytechnics. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 144-160. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCE-02-2013-0003

Jabatan Perangkaan, M. (2020). Indikator Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG Indicator) Malaysia 2019. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. https://www.epu.gov.my/sites/default/files/2021-02/Sustainable-Development-Goals-%28SDG%29-Indicators-Malaysia-2019.pdf

Järvi, T. (2012). Teaching entrepreneurship in vocational education viewed from the regional and field perspectives. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 64(3), 365-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2012.691538

Karyaningsih, R. P. D., Wibowo, A., Saptono, A., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2020). Does entrepreneurial knowledge influence vocational students’ intention? Lessons from Indonesia. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(4), 138-155. https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2020.080408

Kayii, N. E., & Akpomi, M. E. (2022). Constructivist approaches: A budding paradigm for teaching and learning entrepreneurship education. International Journal of Education, Teaching, and Social Sciences, 2(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47747/ijets.v2i1.586

Kissi, E., Ahadzie, D. K., Debrah, C., & Adjei-Kumi, T. (2020). Underlying strategies for improving entrepreneurial skills development of technical and vocational students in developing countries: Using Ghana as a case study. Education + Training, 62(5), 599-614. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-11-2019-0264

Kolb, D. A. (1984). The process of experiential learning. In D. A. Kolb (Ed.), Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (pp. 31-64). Pearson Education.

Krpálek, P., & Krpálková Krelová, K. (2016). Possibilities for developing business potential in economic education. Examples of implementation in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Economics & Sociology, 9(4), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2016/9-4/7

Kumara, P. A. P. S. (2012). Undergraduates' Intention Towards Entrepreneurship : Empirical Evidence From Sri Lanka. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 20(01), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495812500057

Kusumojanto, D. D., Wibowo, A., Kustiandi, J., Narmaditya, B. S., & Cheng, M. (2021). Do entrepreneurship education and environment promote students’ entrepreneurial intention? The role of entrepreneurial attitude. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1948660. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2021.1948660

Lackéus, M., & Middleton, K. W. (2018). Assessing experiential entrepreneurship education: Key insights from five methods in use at a venture creation programme. In D. Hyams-Ssekasi & E. F. Calswell (Eds.), Experiential learning for entrepreneurship : Theoretical and Practical Perspectives on Enterprise Education (pp. 19-49). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90005-6_2

Lindner, J. (2020). Entrepreneurial learning for TVET institutions: A practical guide. UNESCO Publishing. https://unevoc.unesco.org/pub/entrepreneurial_learning_guide_en.pdf

Machali, I., Wibowo, A., Murfi, A., Narmaditya, B. S., & Tinoca, L. (2021). From teachers to students creativity? the mediating role of entrepreneurial education. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1943151. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2021.1943151

Mack, A. J., White, D., & Senghor, O. (2019). An insight into entrepreneurship education practices in Technical and Vocational Education and Training institutions. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), Artikel 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0169-z

Mack, A. J., White, D., & Senghor, O. (2021). The benefits of exposing post-secondary students to entrepreneurship training in Trinidad and Tobago. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 223. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00905-8

Mawonedzo, A., Tanga, M., Luggya, S., & Nsubuga, Y. (2021). Implementing strategies of entrepreneurship education in Zimbabwe. Education and Training, 63(1), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2020-0068

Mayombe, C. (2020, 2020/07/03). Adult learners’ perception on the use of constructivist principles in teaching and learning in non-formal education centres in South Africa. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 39(4), 402-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2020.1796834

Mitra, J. (2017). Holistic experimentation for emergence: A creative approach to postgraduate entrepreneurship education and training. Industry and Higher Education, 31(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422216684072

Morselli, D. (2018). How do Italian vocational teachers educate for a sense of initiative and entrepreneurship? Development and initial application of the SIE questionnaire. Education and Training, 60(7-8), 800-818. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2017-0046

Muhammad, A. I., Kamin, Y. B., & Wahid, N. H. B. A. (2019). Challenge of Integrating entrepreneurial competencies into technical college programs. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(5C), 379-383. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.E1054.0585C19

Nardi, P., Bengo, I., & Caloni, D. (2018). Reality-based learning and the oliver twist school: Towards a New ap-proach in VET. Trends in vocational education and training research. Proceedings of the European Conference on Educational Research (ECER), Itali.

Neck, H. M., & Corbett, A. C. (2018). The scholarship of teaching and learning entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 1(1), 8-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127417737286

Ni, H., & Ye, Y. (2018). Entrepreneurship Education Matters: Exploring Secondary vocational school students’ entrepreneurial intention in China. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27(5), 409-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-018-0399-9

Nkalane, P. K. (2018). E-portfolio as an alternative assessment approach enhancing self-directed learning in an Open Distance Learning environment [Doctoral Disertation, Universiti Afrika Selatan]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328838856.pdf

Nyukorong, R. (2018). A proposed entrepreneurship education curriculum framework. International Journal of Higher Education and Sustainability, 2(2), 81-101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHES.2018.096104

Okolie, U. C., Igwe, P. A., Ayoola, A. A., Nwosu, H. E., Kanu, C., & Mong, I. K. (2021). Entrepreneurial competencies of undergraduate students: The case of universities in Nigeria. International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100452

Okolie, U. C., Igwe, P. A., & Elom, E. N. (2019). Improving graduate outcomes for technical colleges in Nigeria. Australian Journal of Career Development, 28(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416218772189

Omar, M. K., Ismail, K., Abdullah, A., Abdul Kadir, S., & Jusoh, R. (2021). Embedding entrepreneurial knowledge in vocational college curriculum: A case study of the competency of TVET instructors. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 29(S1), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.s1.06

Otache, I. (2019). Enhancing the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education: the role of entrepreneurial lecturers. Education + Training, 61(7/8), 918-939. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2018-0127

Otache, I., Umar, K., Audu, Y., & Onalo, U. (2021). The effects of entrepreneurship education on students’ entrepreneurial intentions: A longitudinal approach. Education and Training, 63(7-8), 967-991. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2019-0005

Paço, A. d., & Palinhas, M. J. (2011). Teaching entrepreneurship to children: a case study. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 63(4), 593-608. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2011.609317

Pérez-Pérez, C., González-Torres, T., & Nájera-Sánchez, J.-J. (2021). Boosting entrepreneurial intention of university students: Is a serious business game the key? The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100506

Pittaway, L., & Edwards, C. (2012). Assessment: Examining practice in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 54(8/9), 778-800. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911211274882

Portuguez Castro, M., & Gómez Zermeño, M. G. (2021). Identifying entrepreneurial interest and skills among university students. Sustainability, 13(13), 6995. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13136995

Prianto, A., & Qomariyah, U. N. (2021). The Effectiveness of teaching factory based learning to strengthen then entrepreneurial competencies and intentions. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 24(1), 1-17.

Radzi, N. M., & Ghani, M. F. A. (2021). Persediaan Program School Enterprise di Kolej Vokasional, Malaysia: Aplikasi Fuzzy Delphi. Sains Insani, 6(1), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol6no1.262

Rahimi, N. H. Z., Rasul, M. S., & Yassin, R. M. (2019). The role of environmental factors, entrepreneurship experiences and entrepreneurship orientation on entrepreneurship teaching practices. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(6), 200-210.

Rahimi, N. H. Z., Rasul, M. S., Yassin, R. M., Rauf, R. A., Zulnaidi, H., & Wegner, D. (2021). Analyzing the influence of the environmental factors, entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship practices on vocational entrepreneurial teaching practices. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 30(1), 477-489. https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2020.2044

Ramos, D., Madeira, M. J., & Duarte, F. A. P. (2020). Entepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The case of Portugal. Economy of Region, 157-170. https://doi.org/10.17059/2020-1-12

Safiee, Z., Hanapi, Z., Subri, U. S., Sheh, Y. S., & Sharif, M. S. (2019). The relationship between the perception of skills and the readiness of using AutoCAD Software among the Instructors of construction technology program at vocational college. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 589-598. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i3/5728

Said, H., Ahmad, I., & Nor, F. M. (2019). Exploring outcomes of service-learning participantion: Evidence from Pakistan. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 16(2), 125-154. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli

Sandroto, C. W., Riyanti, B. P. D., & Tri Warmiyati, M. (2018). Entrepreneurial intention and competencies of vocational and high school graduates in Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 26(T), 225-236.

Seikkula-Leino, J., Ruskovaara, E., Hannula, H., & Saarivirta, T. (2012). Facing the changing demands of Europe: Integrating entrepreneurship education in finnish teacher training curricula. European Educational Research Journal, 11(3), 382-399. https://doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2012.11.3.382

Shariff, M. N. M., Bakar, M. S., Yusof, M. S., & Shabbir, M. S. (2019). The relationship between university role, entrepreneurship curriculum, assessment of teaching methods and business simulations. Proceedings of the Inspirational Scholar Symposium (ISS), ICC Hatyai, Thailand.

Shirandula, D. (2021). Evaluation methods of entrepreneurship education and acquisition of entrepreneurial skills among hospitality students. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(4), 118-128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2021.13.04.010

Sirelkhatim, F., & Gangi, Y. (2015, 2015/12/31). Entrepreneurship education: A systematic literature review of curricula contents and teaching methods. Cogent Business & Management, 2(1), 1052034. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2015.1052034

Soeharso, S. Y., & Riyanti, B. P. D. (2021). The intentions to become entrepreneurs in the Indonesian Vocational School Graduates. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(5), 1-5.

Srivastava, S., Satsangi, K., & Satsangee, N. (2019). Identification of entrepreneurial education contents using nominal group technique. Education + Training, 61(7/8), 1001-1019. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-05-2018-0105

Suradi, S., M. Yasin, R., & Rasul, M. S. (2017). Increasing technopreneurs for a developing a nation: The majlis amanah rakyat (MARA) experience. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 9(1), 73-86.

Surjanti, J., Nugrohoseno, D., Budiono, & Musfidah, H. (2018). The implementation of interest-based entrepreneurship curriculum in the Theory of Economics course. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia.

Toding, M., & Venesaar, U. (2018). Discovering and developing conceptual understanding of teaching and learning in entrepreneurship lecturers. Education + Training, 60(7/8), 696-718. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-07-2017-0101

Ustav, S., & Venesaar, U. (2018). Bridging metacompetencies and entrepreneurship education. Education+ Training, 60(7/8), 674-695. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-08-2017-0117

Volkmann, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial studies in higher education: Entrepreneurship studies—an ascending academic discipline in the twenty‐first century. Higher education in Europe, 29(2), 177-185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-08-2017-0117

Wahyuningsih, S. E., Sugiyo, Samsudi, Widowati, T., & Kamis, A. (2018). Model of local excellence-based on entrepreneurship education management for prospective vocational school teachers. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 24(4), 448-461. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2018.095383

Warhuus, J. P., Blenker, P., & Elmholdt, S. T. (2018). Feedback and assessment in higher-education, practice-based entrepreneurship courses: how can we build legitimacy? Industry and Higher Education, 32(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422217750795

Wibowo, A., Saptono, A., & Suparno. (2018). Does teachers’ creativity impact on vocational students’ entrepreneurial intention? Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(3), 1528-2651-21-3-206

Yohana, C. (2020). Factors Influencing the Development of Entrepreneurship Competency in Vocational High School Students: A Case Study. International Journal of Education and Practice, 8(4), 804-819. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2020.84.804.819

Yulastri, A., Hidayat, H., Ganefri, G., Edya, F., & Islami, S. (2018). Learning outcomes with the application of product based entrepreneurship module in vocational higher education. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 8(2), 120-131. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v8i2.15310

Yulastri, A., Hidayat, H., Islami, S., & Edya, F. (2017). Developing an Entrepreneurship module by using product-based learning approach in vocational education. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 12(5), 1097-1109.

Yusof, N., Awang-Hashim, R., Tengku Ariffin, T. F., & Nordin, H. (2019). Understanding Impact of service learning practices in higher education. Proceedings of the Inspirational Scholar Symposium (ISS), ICC Hatyai, Thailand.

Zenner, L., Kothandaraman, K., & Pilz, M. (2017). Entrepreneurship education at Indian Industrial Training Institutes – A case study of the prescribed, adopted and enacted curriculum in and around bangalore. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 4(1), 69-94. https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.4.1.4