INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE, SEMI-CLONE, AND TREE AGE ON ESTRAGOLE PRODUCTION IN OIL PALM FLOWERS

Muhamad-Fahmi Muhamad Halil, Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir, Wan Nurul ‘Ain Wan Mohd Nor, Johari Jalinas, Wan-Aida Wan Mustapha, Mohd-Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, Irham Razak, Nurul Fatihah Abd Latip, Idris Abd Ghani

Abstract


Estragol adalah salah satu sebatian kimia organik meruap (SKOM) yang merupakan hidrokarbon yang terbentuk melalui tindakbalas hasil interaksi antara tumbuhan dengan persekitarannya. Sebatian SKOM memainkan peranan penting dalam aktiviti pendebungaan, tumbesaran pokok serta perlindungan kepada tumbuhan terhadap perubahan keadaan persekitaran. Bunga sawit menghasilkan sebatian estragol yang bertujuan untuk menarik kehadiran kumbang pendebunga, Elaeidobius kamerunicus bagi menjalankan aktiviti pendebungaan pada bunga. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh faktor abiotik dan biotik seperti jenis tanah, semi-klon serta umur pokok berbeza terhadap jenis dan jumlah SKOM yang dihasilkan bunga sawit. Selain itu, kajian ini juga menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor ini terhadap bunga sawit dalam penghasilan sebatian estragol. Hasil analisis kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim (GC-MS) menunjukkan jenis dan jumlah bilangan SKOM yang dihasilkan bunga jantan dan bunga betina sawit adalah berbeza antara jenis tanah, semi-klon dan umur pokok. Perbandingan kepekatan estragol menunjukkan bahawa bunga sawit yang ditanam di tanah gambut dan daripada semi-klon B mempunyai min kepekatan estragol tertinggi secara signifikan (P<0.05). Bunga sawit daripada pokok tertua, iaitu berumur lapan tahun, juga mencatatkan min kepekatan estragol tertinggi. Secara keseluruhan, faktor abiotik dan biotik memberi kesan yang signifikan terhadap sebatian kimia organik meruap (SKOM) dan penghasilan estragol oleh bunga sawit.


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