EFFECTIVENESS OF BERENUK LEAF EXTRACT (Crescentia cujete L.) AS AN OVICIDE FOR Aedes aegypti L.

Abstract

One of the preventions of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) disease can be done using insecticides against mosquito eggs or ovicides. The application of synthetic ovicide over a long period can cause the death of natural predators and environmental pollution, so an alternative botanical ovicide made from berenuk leaf (Crescentia cujete L.) extract is needed. The aim of the study was to analyze active compound content of berenuk leaf extract and analyze the effect and effective concentration of berenuk leaf extract on mosquito egg morphology and hatchability. The extract was prepared by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The independent variables of the study include 0 ppm (K-); Temephos 1% (K+); extract concentration 6.25 ppm; 12.5 ppm; 25 ppm; and 50 ppm with four replicates in each treatment. The total egg samples used were 600 eggs, and observations were made at the 24^th hour, 48^th hour, 72^nd hour, 96^th hour, and 120^th hour. The results of phytochemical screening using LC-MS showed that ethanol extract of berenuk leaves contained flavonoid compounds with the highest percentage of 3.0-3.7%. The observation showed that the higher the concentration of C. cujete leaf extract, the higher the percentage of unhatched eggs, and the longer the Aedes. aegypti eggs were exposed to C. cujete leaf extract, the lower the percentage of unhatched eggs. The results of observing Ae. aegypti egg morphology using SEM showed that in K (-) the condition was oval, while the eggs exposed to the extract had damage to the surface of their shells and the eggs looked deflated. The probit test results showed a lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of 6.51 ppm at the 96^th hour of observation, which means C. cujete leaf extract at that concentration was effectively causes 50% egg hatching failure. Based on the results of the study, berenuk leaf extract has the potential as a botanical ovicide against Ae. aegypti L. eggs.