EMERGENT ISSUES IN HETERODOX ISLAM AMONG THE YORUBA OF NIGERIA (Masalah Berbangkit Dalam Islam Tulen Di Kalangan Kaum Yoruba Di Nigeria)

Saheed Ahmad Rufai

Abstract


ABSTRACT

The field of Islamic Studies is currently witnessing the growth of a sophisticated body of scholarship on “orthodoxy and heterodoxy” in Islamic religious practices. Such a growing scholarship has largely promoted the perception that heterodox Islam otherwise known as local Islam, popular Islam, people’s Islam or cultural Islam, is not the same as orthodox Islam, which is assumed as real, pure, right, official or revealed Islam. Such a perception lends credence to the impression that the dimension of Islamic religious practices in any setting is supposed to be negotiated and determined by the adherents of Islam in such a setting and not by external factors or considerations. The purpose of this article is to examine the continued spread of heterodox Islam among the Yoruba people of Southwestern Nigeria. The article seeks to identify and analyze the factors instrumental to the growing influence of heterodoxy on orthodoxy, and offer practical recommendations for possible purification of Yoruba Islam from traditional, heretical, heterodox or non-Islamic practices.

ABSTRAK

Bidang Pengajian Islam kini sedang menyaksikan pertumbuhan suatu badan cendekiawan canggih yang menyelami sifat-sifat Islam tulen dan Islam kacukan dalam pengamalan ugama Islam. Pertumbuhan cendekiawan yang sedemikian telah  secara  langsung  menonjolkan persepsi  bahawa  Islam  kacukan  yang  difahamkan  sebagai  “Islam  tempatan,  Islam  popular,  Islam  rakyat  ataupun Islam budaya” adalah tidak sama dengan “Islam tulen” yang telah difahami sebagai Islam sejati atau Islam tulen yang telah diwahyukan kepada rasul-Nya oleh Allah. Pemahaman yang sedemikian akan tetap memberi pengertian yang mendalam terhadap keseluruhan segi amalan-amalan penganut ugama Islam dalam pelbagai keadaan yang ditetapkan oleh penganut-penganut Islam tulen dan bukan dipengaruhi oleh unsur atau sumbangan luaran. Maksud rencana ini  adalah  untuk  menyelidiki  perkembangan  Islam  kacukan  yang  berterusan dan  juga  untuk  memberi  cadangan-cadangan  kepada  kaum  Yoruba  di  barat daya Nigeria. Rencana ini berusaha untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis punca-punca yang melibatkan perkembangan pengaruh Islam kacukan yang berkembang luas ke atas Islam tulen, dan rencana ini juga mengutarakan cadangan-cadangan yang mantap untuk memungkinkan martabat kemurnian ugama Islam yang dianuti oleh kaum Yoruba daripada dicemari dan dinodai oleh amalan-amalan tradisi yang munafik, bercanggah aqidah atau lebih tepat lagi amalan-amalan kaum fasiq.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ade-Ajayi. 2001. Religious Pluralism and Tolerance among the Yoruba. Ibadan:

n.p.

Akinjogbin, I. A. & Ayandele, E. A. 1980. Yoruba land up to 1800 In Ikime, O. (ed.) Groundwork of Nigerian History, pp. 21-143, Ibadan: Heinemann.

al-Iluriyy, A. A. n.d. Questions on the Epidermy of Muslim Disunity in Nigeria, Lagos: n.p.

al-Iluriyy, A.A. 1979, Al-Islam wa Taqalid al-Jahiliyyah, Cairo: Wahbah.

Balogun, S. A. 1980. History of Islam up to 1800. In Ikime, O. (ed). Groundwork of Nigeria History, pp. 210-223, Ibadan: Heinemann.

Balgoun, S. A. 1989. Islam in Nigeria: Its Historical Development In Atanda, J. A. Ashiwaju & G. A. Yahya (ed.). Nigeria since Independence: The First Twenty-Five-Years (Religion). Lagos: Heinemann.

Biobaku, S.O. 1957. Egba and their Neighbours: 1842-1872 9Oxford: University

Press.

Bivar, A.D.H and Kiskett, M. 1962. The Arabic Literature of Nigeria to 1804: A Provisional Account, Bulletin, School of Oriental and African Studies, XXV, pp. 109-110.

Calder, N. 2000. The Limits of Islamic Orhtodoxy. In Dafrary, F. (ed.). Intellectual

Traditions in Islam. London: Tauris.

Clark, P. B. & Linden I. 1984. Islam in Modern Nigerian. Munchen: n.p. Clarke, P.B. 1982. West Africa and Islam, London: Edward Arnold.

De Weese, D. 2002. Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tukles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition. University Park: Pennsylvania State University.

Doi, A. 1984. Islam in Nigeria. Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation Limited.

Denny, H. 1985. A Critical Discourse on Orthodoxy. New York: n.p.

Gibb, H. A. R. 1953. Interpretation of Islamic History, Notes on Modern History, p. 40, London: University Press.

Idowu, B. 1966. Olodumare, God in Yoruba Belief (Longman: London).

Idowu, B. 1970. The Challenge of Witchcraft, Orita Journal IV (1) 3-16.

Imam Ahmad Ibn Furtua. 1926. History of the First. translated by H.R. Palmer.

Twelve Years of the Reign of Mai Idris Alooma of Bornu. The Government Printer: Lagos, pp. 85-6.

Johnson, S. 1960. The History of the Yoruba. Lagos: CMS Bookshops.

Langer, R. & Simon, U. 2008. The dynamics of orthodoxy and heterodoxy: dealing with divergence in Muslim discourse and Islamic studies. International

Journal for the study of modern Islam 48: 273–288.

Rufai, S. A. 1993. Islam in History. Lagos: Ibrash.

Shrode, P. 2008. The Dynamics of Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy in Uyghur Religious Practice. International Journal for the study of Modern Islam

: 394–433.

Peel, J. D. Y & Stewart, C. C. 1989. Popular Islam South of the Sahara. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Richard, H and Lander, J. 1838. Journal of an Expedition to Explore the Course and Termination of the Niger, with a Narrrative of Voyage down that River to its Termination (Thomas Tegg: London), Vol. 1, pp. 24-27.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


  ISSN: 1985-6830

eISSN: 2550-2271

JURNAL HADHARI: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
Institut Islam Hadhari
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi
Selangor, MALAYSIA.


Phone: +603-8921 7187/7176/6994
Fax: +603-8921 6990
Email: jhadhari@ukm.edu.my

Web: ejournals.ukm.my/jhadhari