FUNGSI AYAT GRAMATIS DALAM PEMBINAAN HUKUM FIKAH DARIPADA AYAT-AYAT AL-QURAN SURAH AL-BAQARAH (The Function of Grammatical Sentence in Constructing an Islamic Jurisprudence Rules from Quranic Verses of Surah al-Baqarah)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penguasaan tatabahasa Arab merupakan antara syarat penting bagi melayakkan seseorang individu mengeluarkan pandangan (ijtihad) berkaitan masalah fikah. Menurut majoriti ahli bidang tatabahasa Arab silam dan kontemporari, ayat-ayat al-Quran tidak bercanggah dengan hukum tatabahasa Arab. Oleh itu, majoriti ulama bersepakat menjadikan al- Quran sebagai sumber hujah utama dalam menyelesaikan perbezaan pandangan tentang tatabahasa Arab. Hal ini menjelaskan fungsi tatabahasa Arab dalam pemahaman ayat al-Quran serta pembinaan hukum fikah daripada ayat-ayat al-Quran. Malah, perbezaan pandangan dalam kalangan ulama mazhab-mazhab fikah, antara lain berpunca daripada pemahaman mereka terhadap makna ayat al-Quran dari aspek tatabahasa Arab. Makalah ini berusaha menjelaskan fungsi tatabahasa Arab dalam pembinaan hukum fikah daripada nas-nas al-Quran. Terdapat tiga unsur tatabahasa Arab yang mempengaruhi proses pembinaan hukum fikah iaitu fleksi (i’rab), partikel dan ayat gramatis. Makalah ini akan memberi fokus terhadap satu daripada tiga unsur tersebut iaitu ayat gramatis. Berdasarkan analisis tatabahasa yang dibuat terhadap beberapa ayat al-Quran daripada surah al-Baqarah, secara jelas menunjukkan bahawa fungsi tatabahasa Arab amat penting dalam proses pembinaan hukum fikah daripada ayat al-Quran. Analisis ini seterusnya mengukuhkan keperluan menguasai ilmu tatabahasa Arab oleh individu yang terlibat dalam proses pembinaan hukum fikah, terutama bagi masalah-masalah fikah semasa. Tanpa penguasaan yang mantap terhadap tatabahasa Arab, pembinaan hukum berkaitan masalah fikah akan menjadi celaru dan ia tidak menjadi jalan penyelesaian terbaik bagi isu-isu yang timbul.

ABSTRACT

Mastery of the Arabic grammar is an important condition that qualifies an individual to exercise critical thinking and independent judgement (ijtihad) towards Islamic jurisprudence. According to a majority of early and contemporary Arabic grammar scholars, there is no contradiction between the Quranic verses and the rules of Arabic grammar which means that there is agreement that the Quran is the main source of reference for resolving differences of opinion on Arabic grammar. This also proves the importance of knowledge in Arabic grammar to understand the Quran and how the construction of the Islamic jurisprudence rules are derived from the Quranic verses. However, the differences of opinions among jurists towards Islamic jurisprudence rules is due to their interpretation of the Quranic verses from the stand point of Arabic grammar. This article seeks to explain the function of Arabic grammar in the construction of Islamic jurisprudence rules from the Quranic verses. There are three elements of Arabic grammar that influence the construction of Islamic jurisprudence rules; flexibility (i’rab), particles and grammatical sentence. This article will focus only on grammatical sentences. Based on grammatical analyses on several Quranic verses from surah al-Baqarah, it shows that the function of Arabic grammar is very important in the process of deriving Islamic jurisprudence rules from the Quran. Furthermore, the analyses reinforce the need for mastery in Arabic grammar by individuals involved in the process of constructing Islamic jurisprudence rules, and this is even more so for current Islamic jurisprudence issues. Without mastery of Arabic grammar, not only will the process of constructing Islamic jurisprudence rules become disorderly, but no clear decision or solution can be made for other arising issues.