NOBLE VALUES PRINCIPLE AND INDICATORS AS ETHICAL GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA(Prinsip Nilai-nilai Murni dan Indikator Sebagai Prinsip Etika Panduan bagi Bioteknologi Moden di Malaysia)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Malaysia enacted the Biosafety Act 2007 and its regulations, the Biosafety (Approval and Notifications) Regulations 2010 to ensure the biosafety of modern biotechnology in Malaysia. However, the current Act and regulations do not fully consider the ethical issues arising in modern biotechnology. Besides the four well-established principles proposed by the well-known bioethicists, Beauchamp and Childress, there are other important principles which should be taken into account. In Islam, every human is a trustee (Khalifs), whose role is to take responsibility for the protection of God’s creation and execute good values for a great civilization. The objectives of this study are to review the principle of the noble values of modern biotechnology, and develop practical indicators for this principle. The study was conducted using a descriptive literature review and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) among stakeholders. It was found that the noble values principle consists of four sub-principles, which are: 1) integrity; 2) accountability; 3) transparency and; 4) objectivity and disinterestedness. The indicators for this principle referred to two suggestions from the stakeholders, which were 1) each of the sub-principles should have its indicators, or 2) to use one line of a self-declaration from modern biotechnology practitioners as the indicator to ensure the noble values principles have been incorporated.
ABSTRAK
Malaysia telah menggubal Akta Biokeselamatan 2007 dan peraturannya, iaitu Peraturan Biokeselamatan (Kelulusan dan Pemberitahuan) 2010, untuk memastikan biokeselamatan pada bioteknologi moden di Malaysia terjaga. Undang-undang dan peraturan semasa dilihat tidak mempertimbangkan sepenuhnya masalah etika yang timbul dalam bioteknologi moden. Selain empat prinsip utama yang diusulkan oleh ahli bioetika terkenal, Beauchamp dan Childress, terdapat prinsip penting lain yang harus diambil kira. Dalam Islam, setiap manusia adalah pemegang amanah (Khalifah) yang berperanan memikul tanggungjawab untuk melindungi ciptaan Tuhan dan melaksanakan nilai-nilai baik bagi sebuah peradaban yang hebat. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji prinsip nilai murni dalam bioteknologi moden dan membangunkan indikator yang praktikal bagi prinsip ini. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan tinjauan literatur deskriptif dan perbincangan kumpulan fokus (FGD) dalam kalangan pihak berkepentingan. Hasil mendapati bahawa prinsip nilai murni terdiri daripada empat sub-prinsip iaitu 1) integriti; 2) akauntabiliti; 3) ketelusan dan 4) objektiviti dan tidak-berkepentingan (disinterestedness). Indikator bagi prinsip ini, merujuk kepada dua cadangan daripada pihak berkepentingan iaitu 1) setiap sub-prinsip harus mempunyai indikator tersendiri, dan 2) satu ayat perakuan dari pengamal bioteknologi moden dijadikan sebagai indikator, bagi memastikan prinsipprinsip nilai-nilai murni diguna pakai.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JH-2021-1302-08
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