STRAITS OF MALACCA AND SINGAPORE: PRIDE OF THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO, PRICELESS MARITIME HERITAGE OF THE WORLD (Selat Melaka dan Singapura: Kebanggaan Alam Melayu, Khazanah Kelautan Dunia yang Berharga)

Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Historical records reveal that port-kingdoms began to flourish along the Straits of  Malacca  and  Singapore  as  early  as  the  third  century  AD.  These  realms survived by regulating and exploiting trade flows between China and India and within the Malay Archipelago itself. After the fall of the Malacca Sultanate in 1511, the competition for supremacy in the Strait of Malacca continued between the regional Empires and their Western rivals until eventually, the latter were victorious. The Malay World then fell into centuries of Western colonization before  the  region gradually  gained  independence in the  20th century.  Now, the  Straits  of  Malacca  is  considerably  bordered  by  Malaysia  and  Indonesia while the Straits of Singapore is jointly shared by Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. These Straits serve not only as two of the most important sea lines of communication in the world, but also are important economic lifelines for the coastal population. For centuries, these waterways have remained intact with their reputation as critical trading route and due to their remarkable significance, the Straits of Malacca and Singapore are undoubtedly priceless heritage of the maritime world.

ABSTRAK

Rekod-rekod sejarah menunjukkan bandar-bandar pelabuhan mula berkembang di sepanjang Selat Melaka dan Singapura seawal abad ketiga. Kawasan ini berkembang dengan cara mengatur dan mengeksploitasi aliran perdagangan antara China dan India di alam Melayu. Selepas jatuhnya Kesultanan Melaka pada tahun 1511, persaingan untuk menguasai Selat Melaka berterusan dalam kalangan  Empayar-empayar  Serantau  dan  Barat  sehinggalah  Melaka  jatuh ke tangan  kuasa  Barat.  Alam  Melayu  kemudiannya  jatuh  ke  bawah jajahan Barat berabad-abad lamanya sebelum perlahan-lahan mencapai kemerdekaan pada abad ke 20. Hari ini, Selat Melaka disempadani oleh Malaysia dan Indonesia sementara Selat Singapura dikongsi oleh Malaysia, Indonesia dan Singapura. Kedua-dua Selat ini bukan sahaja penting sebagai  jalan komunikasi laut tetapi juga penting sebagai sumber kehidupan populasi pinggir pantai. Berabad-abad lamanya, laluan-laluan air ini kekal dengan reputasinya sebagai jalan perdagangan yang kritikal. Oleh kerana kepentingannya yang besar, Selat Melaka dan Singapura tanpa disangkal lagi adalah pusaka dunia kelautan.


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JH-2012-SP-09

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